Figure 1.--The ceremony here is the Divine Liturgy of the Pre-Sanctified Gifts. I'm not sure presisely what that means. |
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The fundamental theological differences between Roman Catholocism and Orthodoxy was the use of the word Filoque in the creed meaning "and from the son" which was part of the issue of supremecy of thec Father in the Holy Trinity. Other issues were pergutory, efficacy of prayers for the dead, and the authority of the pope. Orthodoc Churches also allow married priests, although bishops are chosen from celibate monks. The Zantine Empire became the center of Orthodoxy. Backed by the power of the Empire, the Orthodox Church became dominant in the East. This meant Greece and the Balkans. This included the Middle East until the rise of Islam in the 7th cebtury. The conversion of the Rus left the Orthodox Church dominnt in Russia as well. The fall of Constantinople (1458) meant that the Patriarch good no longer function as the head of the Orthodoc Church. It was at this time that the Tsar in Russia provclaimed Moscow as the Third Rome. With the European emmigration in the 19th century, Orthodox communities were established in America and other countries like Australia.
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