Figure 1.--A young Andrei Sahkarov pictured in Dutch-boy bangs and a white sailor suit during the 1920s. |
Many famous and not so famous men remember the clothing and hair styles they wore as boys. Not so many years ago it was all up to mom how junior was dressed. In some cases, especially in the late 19th and early 20th Century, moms in Europe and America let their imaginations run wild, choosing elaborate Fauntleroy and kilt outfits for their darling sons. The wife in affluent families rarely worked and thus she had a great deal of time, and in some cases the assistance of nannies and governesses, to see to the care and dressing of their children. The results were very little boys kept in dresses. Ever after they passed out of dresses, little and not little boys done up in dress-like tunics and kilts and lacy Fauntleroy suits and kilts as well as more manly sailor suits. Biographical information is available on selected individuals (S-Z) here. This page is still being developed. If you have any historical information to add, do let me hear from you.
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Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich - (USSR, 1921-89): The father of the Soviet Union's hydrogen bomb grew up after the Revolution. He was born into a Moscow family of cultured and liberal philosophy--a background which was to prove dangerous in the 1930s. "From childhood, I lived in an atmosphere of decency, mutual help and tact, respect for work, and for the mastery of one's profession," he later wrote. This was the environment that shaped Sakharov's life. As a younger boy, his parents kept him out of Soviet schools. Andrei was quite a charming little boy. I have seen a picture of him as a little nipper with bangs and dressed in a sailor suit. At Moscow University where he studied physics, he was quickly recognized as one of the most brilliant students. He was exempted from military service during the war with Nazi Germany and completed his studies in 1942. For several years he worked as an engineer at an armament factory and patented several inventions. Soon after the war was over he was recruited into the top-secret nuclear weapons project. He is now universally known as the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb. He later wrote about the dangers of nuclear war and the resulting environmental and human damage. He heroically became a symbol for human rights in the Soviet Union, earning the admiration of the world and a Nobel prize.
Sadriddin, Aini - (Tajikistan, 1878-1954): One of Tajikistan's most important writers is Aini Sadriddin (1878-1954). Aftr the Revilution he got into trouble for speaking Tajik. Soviet police whipped him thin an inch of his life. Then he was thrown into prison (about 1924). The Soviets were making Tajikistan into a Socialist state. The overthrew the Emir of Bakhara. Aini was released from prison and from then on supported Soviet Ideaology and wrote books about the despotic times of the reign of the Emirs. We do not have chilhood portraits of Sdriddin, but we have some of his family.
Sargent, John Singer - (US, 1856-1925): The brilliant American portrait painter was born in Europe and received no formal education. I have no information on how he was dressed as a boy. He did grow up among European high society. As a painter no one portrayed the rich and famous of the Gilded Age more brilliantly with such dazzling beauty. Many of his portraits included children showing their fashions as well. With a few masterful exceptions, however, most of the children he painted were girls.
The Sassons - (England, 1890s): Alfred Sassoon had three sons, Siegrried (b 1885), Michael (b. 1886), and Hamo (b. 1887). The photograph shows the boys and their father about 1895, several months before Alfred's untimely death, Alfred and his wife were estranged. He spent most his time in London where he was having an affair.
van Schendel, Arthur: (Netherlands (1874-1946): Arthur van Schendel was a Dutch novelist and short-story writer with a decidely romantic temperament but possessing what the Encyclopaedia Britannica calls "a concentrated, restrained, almost classical style." He wrote some of the greatest novels of the period. His first significant novels, A Wanderer in Love (1904) and A Lost Wanderer (1907) are set in medieval Italy. Some availavle family snapshots show how his children were dressed.
Schwarzenegger, Arnold - (Austria,1947- ): Arnold's father was the local chief of police. He was athletically inclined and demanded superior performance from his two boys. Arnold was the younger brother and his father apparently preferred the older son. I believe his father was very strict with the boys, but I have few details. In a school picture at about 10 years old he was wearing a middy blouse, presumably with shorts. I have seen a picture of Arnold with three of his friends at about 13, but he was the only one in shorts. He was not a stocky boy and only began to develop his physique after he got interested in body building as a young teenager. He liked soccer, but was not excited by team sports which is father favored. For some reason he really took to body building which his father attempted to discourage.
Schoonover, Frank - (United States, 1877-19??): Frank Schoonover was a famous illustrater in the Golden Age of Illustration. In the short autobiography included in a book, he talks about his youth and how much
he loved the outdoors, spending much of his time in the woods, walking along streams and fishing. However, in spite of this, he had long hair about the sme time that Fauntleroy curls came in vogue and least on some occasions wore dresses.
Scott, Peter - (England): In his biography, the late Peter Scott, son of the famous polar explorer, is shown dressed in an Isadora Duncan tunic as a child. He wore short trousers under his tunic.
Shakespeare, William - (England, 1564–1616): English poet and playwright William Shakespeare is generally considered to be the greatest writer in the English language and perhaps the most important dramatist. He played a major role in the development of the English language. A vast number of modern words and phrases first appeared in his 38 known plays in addition to 2 long narrative poems, 154 sonnets, and a variety of other poems. He was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. There are lots of speculations about Shakespeare's childhood in Stratford-upon-Avon, but there are no documentable facts beyond his baptism. We know that his father, John Shakespeare, was a glover and Alderman from Snitterfield and the family lived in comfortable circumstances. His mother was Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning family. William was the eldest surviving son. We assume that the young William went to the local grammar school--the King Edward VI Grammar School in Stratford. King Edward was known for supporting education. Historians believe that the youngv William almost certainly was educated there. Given his father's status in the community and his literary accomplishments, he clearly had an education and the local grammar is the only place that he would have gotten his education. William lived close to the school and there were no other schools in that Warwickshire town. Shakesperian scholars speculate as to John's loss of possition as Alderman. Some believe it was because of Catholic sympathies and this would have significantly colored William's prospects. Our first documented knowledge of Shakespeare concerns his marriage to Anne Hathaway and his early career in London in connection with the theatre. He had three children, but these stayed behind with his wife in Stratford while Shakespeare lived a single life in London. Ironically, the great writer made no provision for his daughter's education. HBC has done some work on his plays in our Renaissance drama section.
Shelley, Percy Bysshe - (England, 1792-1822): Shelley is one of the most notable English poet. His father founded a family fortune by the time honored expeient of marrying welthy heiresses. Percy was thus raised in a wealthy household with four sisters. A painting of his at about age 8 shows him with longish hair and a ruffled collar. At 10 years of age he was sent to Zion House school where he was miserable. Next he went to Eton where he was even more miserable. At Eton he refused to fag, an act of some courage. He was was terribly taunted and bullied at Oxford. He became known as Mad Shelley. He then went on to University College, Oxford. His father endulged his son's literary aspirtions by financing his first publication, not knowing anything about it. The pamflet, "The Necessity of Atheism" promtly got him expelled. He went on to lead a wild life, running off to marry and then adding another young lady to this circle who he lzter married. Mary Shelley wrote Frankestein (1818). Much of Shelley's poetry had a revolutionary flare to it. The British authorities kept him under strict observation. Shelley went to Italy where he wrote most of his best known poems. There he died in a sailing accident (1822).
Shepard, Earnest - (England, 1879-19??): Ernest Shepard is the artist who illustrated many classic children's books, including Winnie the Poo. It is his classic drawings of Christopher Robin playing in smocks and strap shoes that usually appear with any discussion of the A.A. Milne books. Shepard published a loving memoir of his and his brother Cyril's boyhood experiences. The many drawings nicely illustrate what the boys wore. Earnest wore dresses as a little boy and then mostly sailor suits with a Little Lord Fauntleroy suit and lace collar for a party suit. He didn't like the lace collar. He apparently never had to wear a kilt, which was good as he didn't like them. His older brother Cyril wore Norfolk suits and Eton collars. Both boys wore their suits with knee pants and long stockings.
Schiller, Friedrich - (Germany, 1759-1805): Friedrich Schiller is one of Germany's most noted poet, dramatist, historian and philosopher. Along with Gothe he is cinsidered a founder of German literature. He is widely considered second only to Gothe. He was born in November 11, 1759 in a small village Marbach near Stuttgart in Württemberg. We know little about his childhood. His work in German language have similar importance in literature than Shakespeare’s work in Britain. (Shakespear of course is also important linguistically as he wrote a time when modern English was just begin to emerge.) Schillerwrore with an already well-developed German language. His first important play was "Die Råuber", a fairly standard Sturm und Drang play (1781). A major work wa :An die Freude" (1785), this was the ode to joy used bt Betoven in his 9th SymphoThis was followed by one of his most notable works--Juan Carlos (1787). There were several historical works--a genre Schiller was particularly adept at. He published a work on the Thirty Years War (1793). There was a dramatic trilogy on Wallenstein (1798-99). Colleridge trnslated part of this for his poem "WAllensttein (1800). Nexy was Maria Stewart (1800) and ther Die Jung frau von Prleans (1801). A favorite of many was "William Tell" (1804). Schiller is notable for this account of Swiss hero Wilhelm Tell, giving the Swiss their national hero. Perhaps no work is more widely known than "THe Song of the Bells". He and Gothe had a celebrated friendship. He was active in Weimar during his last years. He died May 9, 1805 at Weimar in Thüringen.
Sinatra, Francis Albert - (US, 1915-98): Frank Sinatra known as "The Voice" is one of the greatest American singers. Frank was born in Hoboken, New
Jersey during 1915. He grew up in an Italian family in very modest circumstances. As a boy, he was more interested in becoming a journalist than a singer. His first job was with a newspaper, but he soon decided that he wanted to be a singer. He was fascinated by Bing Crosby who was the most important American crooner in the 1930s. Frank attended a Crosby concert in 1933 and at this time decided he was going to be a singer. At first he worked in clubs and bars. Radio was the media phenomenon of the 1930s. Sinatra go on the Major Bowes Amateur Hour. He combined with a trio also on the peogram and the four young worked together as the "The Hoboken Four". Tey won first prize on the show as well as their first concert appearances as partof the Major Bowes travelling show. Frank began appearing on various radio programs, often without any pay or just expenses.
Smith, David - (US): American sculptor raised by a strict mother. I've seen one picture of him in a rather prissy little smock.
Spock, Benjamin - (US): The famous American child psychologist says that he was pounded into shape under the iron thumb of his mother. He says that she was moralistic, unjust, domineering, oppressive, and prudish. She was a woman of ideals and stern principles. She had a horror of life. He apparently helped raise his brother Bob who was born when he was 9. He decided there had to be a more pleasant way of raising children, a rebellion against his mother's severity. She raised both under the stern dictates of a Dr. Henry Holt. He was part of the of the vice-giving industry that developed in the late 19th Century.
Spurgeon, Charles Haddon - (England, 1834-92): Spugeon was a noted English Baptist praecher. He was boen in Kelvedon, Essex. His father was a preacher and he was an excellent student. He wore pinafores at his dame school. At his subsequent school he antagonized both his school mates and an uncle who was a teacher. He went on to fame and his followers built the Metropolitan Tabernacle in London. He had twin sons who wore dresses as children.
Stalin, Josef - (Russia, 1879-1953): Joseph Stalin is undeniably one of the most important figures of the 20th century. His impact on the devolopment of the Soviet state and society and the international Communist movement was immense. He is also one of the most evil figures in world history and was directly and indirectly responsible for the deaths of millions in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, a death toll even exceeding that of Adolf Hitler. Even so, the Russian peple are deeply conflicted about his legacy.
Stephenson, George - (England, 1781-??): The builders of the railway were adult engineers and entrepreneurs and seem far away from the world of children. It does not seem possible that the idea for the railway came into the mind of a child one day when a 7-year-old boy watched horse drawn wagons pass by his home in the North of England. This then is the story of that idea and how it affected the lives of future generations of children. The idea was born in the 18th Century it was a child’s dream. The boy imagined that machines would pull wagons along a track instead of horses. The name we gave to this method of transport was the railway and the boy with the dream was George Stephenson.
Stracheys - (US): The Stracheys was a well conected Victorian family. the family produced politicans, statesmen, and historical and sociological writers. The Strachey family was photographed by the famed French photographer Nadar, presumably while Sir
Richard and his family were in Paris. Two older boys are
wearing Eton suits. Lytton and his sister Marjorie look quite
similarly dressed with long hair, bangs, and Fautleroy-looking outfits. Some of the best known family members, and details (where available) on their childhood and clothing,
Streicher, Julius - (German, 1885-1946): One of the more reprehensible NAZIs, a prototype-Jew baiter. He was a truly twisted person in ways that I do not feel it is appropriate for HBC to address. I do not yet have details on how he was dressed as a boy.
Tennant, Stephen - (UK, 190?-??): Stephen grew up in an affluent London family in the years before World War I (1914-18). He was coddled by his mother and always dressed very fashionably.
Tennyson, Alfred Lord - (UK, 1809-92): The renowened English poet Alfred Lord Tennyson was born in Somerby in Lincolnshire in northern England. I know nothing about his boyhood or how he was
dressed as a boy. Presumably he came from an affluent
family. Certainly he was outfitted in dresses as a younger
boy as was the style throughout the 19th century. As an
older boy he probably wore skeleton suits and tunics, two
popular styles in the early 19th century. His two sons in the 1850s and 60s were almost
always dressed in tunics with knicker pants and wore long uncurrled hair.
Theroux, Paul - (US, 19??- ): Novelist Paul Theroux had a French Canadian father and an Italian mother. He was a rather self-conscious boy who had a soitary boyhood. Paul wassmall for his age which further kept him apart from other boys. He was a Boy Scout. Paul grew up in Medford, Massachusetts where he watched trains thunder through the town. He liked to watch ships move in and out of Boston Harbor. He was a voravcious leaders. The family did not travel much, but Paul vicariously traveled through his reading. He was not, however, a particularly successful student. He realised fairly early that he wanted to be a writer, but did not begin to talk about it until a student at the Univer5sity of Massachusetts. He has written over 40 books. One of themost important was Mosquito Coast hich was made into a film.
Thorton, Inglis Synnot - (U.K., ??): A biography by E.M. Forester contains a photo probably taken in the mid 19th century of a girl and a boy, Henrietta and Inglis Synnot. The 11 year old Inglis in this photo has short hair but wears an off the shoulder dress just above the knees. The dress is open at the neck like a woman's formal and has a very high waist line. The dress is worn with pantalettes trimmed with lace just over the knees, strap shoes, and short socks. His younger sister is in a longer, more feminine, looking dress and has long curled hair. She does not wear pantalettes and her slippers do not have straps.
Thurber, James - (U.S., 1894-1961): James was born during 1894 in Columbus, Ohio and in many ways never drifted far from those Mid-Western roots. Literary critics tend to agree that his best works about his Ohio boyhood, especially My Life and Hard Times. He was assocaited with the New Yorker magaizine beginning in 1927 and was one of a number of writers that made the magazine a literary treasure trove during the 1930s and 40s.
Tolkien, John - (U.K., 1892-1973): John Ronald Reuel Tolkien of Hobbit fame remarks in his autobiography that he and his younger brother Hilary wore dresses and long hair until about 6 years of age. At about this age they moved to a rural area and were exposed to village children. The village children, who apparently were not used to seeing boys their age in dresses and curls, referred to them as "wrenches", a term they were unfamilar with. I don't think they were allowed to play with these village children.
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Udett, ??? - (Germany, 189?-1941): ?? Udett was a World War I fighter ace. A picture of him at age 3 or shows him in a sailor suit with long hair and a wide brimmed sailor hat. I have no other information on his boyhood clothes. He came from a well to do middle-class family and from the eraliest age he was interested in flying. He became an important Luftwaffe functionary, but was not a committed NAZI. He committed suicide when he saw that the war could not be won and was apauled by the German atrocities in the East.
von Trapp Family - (Austria, 1910s-40s): The von Trapp saga begins in 1910, when distinguished naval commander Georg von Trapp met Agathe Whitehead at a ball. Not only was it love at first sight, it was an almost royal match. Captain von Trapp was as distinguished a war commander in Austria as Eisenhower was in America following World War II. And the von Trapp-Whitehead marriage had the same mythical aura as that of the Kennedy-Bouvier union. Both Georg and Agathe came from privileged families, and the von Trapps were able to live comfortably off the interest from Whitehead's inheritance. Acording to Hirsch's book, the fairy tale started to take a turn when the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I. Now without a coast, Austria no longer required a navy, and the Captain lost his post. When Agathe died, von Trapp was inconsolable. According to Johannes von Trapp, his father was as devastated by the end of his naval career as by the loss of his wife: "My father's life was the navy," explained Johannes. "He was uncomfortable doing anything else. He was simply lost." After the loss of their mother, the children had an endless parade of governesses. The family sage was imortalized in The Sound of Music.
von Braun, Werner - (Germany, 1912?-77): Germany's World War II rocket scientist was dressed in sailor suits as a boy. One photograph taken about 1924 at age 12 shows him wearing a traditional sailor suit with a white middy blouse. He was fascinated with rockets as a boy and and at the amazinly young age of 20 received a contract from the Germany Army to persue his research.
Walter, Thomas Ustick - (United States, 1804-87): Thomas Ustick Walter was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during 1804. We know nothing about his childhood. He studied masonry, mathematics, physical science, and the fine arts before finally studying architecture under William Strickland. Walter began practicing architecture (1830). He helped found American Institute of Architects abd served as its second president The United States by 1850 had added many new states and as a result the number of Senators and Congressman had substantially increased. This meant that the existing Capitol building was extremely crowded. President Millard Fillmore appointed Walter as the architect of the Capitol in 1851. He was assigned the task of expanding the building gto better accomodate the Senate and House of Representatives. He had more to do with the modern shape of the building than any other individual. He is responsible for the basic profile of the building instantly recognized around the world. Walter was responsible for the north (Senate) and south (House) wings and the cast-iron dome. He resigned his post in 1865 after most of the work had been completed. have found a daguerreotype of Walter's second family.
Walton, Sam - (United States, 1918): Sam Walton is one of the greatest retailers in American history. Walton is one of several merchandizers that concetualized some important management concepts. Walton is the founder of Wal-Mart. He began learning about retailing when he started working in his father's store. While most associated with Arkansas, he wa born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918 and raised in Missouri. It was here he worked in his father's store while going to school. Unlike some children who have to work in their father's store, he actually enjoyed it. Sam went ob to the University of Missouri. He then began running Ben Franklin five-and-dime franchises in Arkansas (1940). He opened the first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas (1962). Walton saw an unnder served market, small town America. Walton offered them name-brands at lower prices than oher smaller stores could match. Walton's management style which proved popular with employees was another aspect of his success.Soon Wal-Mart stores spread through rural America and the more it grew, the better deals it could demand from suppliers. The next step was to enter the surban markets of large cities. Here Walton proved as succesful as he did in small towns. We some a portait of Sam with his yonger brother James. The stlefor boys at te time was knickers.
Watson, Thomas J. - (United States, 1874-1956): Tom Watson was a pioneer in the development of accounting and computing equipment. He built International Business Machine (IBM) into one of the world's great corporations. Tom was born in Campbell, New York in 1874. After school he began working at age 18 as a bookkeeper in Clarence Risley's Market in Painted Post, N.Y. Then he sold sewing machines and musical instruments for a while. Finally he joined the National Cash Register Company as a salesman in Buffalo and noved up to general sales manager. He introduced the motto, "THINK," which later became a widely known symbol of IBM. Besides his commitment to business, Watson became interested in international relations. He adopted a slogan for IBM, "World Peace Through World Trade". He worked with the International Chamber of Commerce and was elected its president (1937). Two sons, Thomas J. Watson, Jr. and Arthur K. Watson worked with their father in IBM.
Wedgwood, Josiah - (England, 17??-??): Josiah was appretinced at age 9, somewhat younger than normal. Josiah had an inovative mind and went on to become the leading potter and the first manufacturer of porcelin in Britain. Wedgewood experimented with clay and glazes and his product was soon rivaling European delftware. Wedgewood also played a further important role in the industrial revolution, not only in his pottery processesses, but because he organized pottrs to build canals in the English Midlands.
Wells, Orson - (United States): Some believe that one of Wells' graetest films, The Magnificent Ambersons was partly influenced by his own childhood. Perhaps that is what drew Wells to the Tarkington classic. Wells father, Richard Welles, found himself "replaced" in the eyes of his wife, Beatrice Welles. His father drank heavily and in the end died of alcoholism. Wells' mother was a very independent woman, an active leader in politics and the fine arts and never close to her husband. When Orson was born, his mother apparently saw a chance to mold the perfect child. Orson's older brother was a great disappointment. He was not very bright and was expelled from school. The boy was horribly institutionalized for many years. Orson's mother tried to make Welles a cultured child, teaching him how to read with Shakespeare, taking him to plays, concerts, and teaching him how to play the piano. I am not sure how he was dressed as a boy. Welles's father would spend his nights drinking, fooling around with prostitutes, and waking up in a special house his own mother had for him whenever he came back drunk. His mpther passed away when Welles was still a young child.
Wilde, Oscar - (Ireland, 1854-1900): Oscar Wildec was an Irish born British author. He wrote a novel and melodic poems, but was especially known foe his witty drawing room plays which for a time made him the tost of London. His sardonic humor in his writings is still much quoted today. He delivered lectures on aesthetics dressed in velvet knickers for which he was rediculed in the press . He and his wife Constance had two sons. His life was ruined by charges of imporality and oe of the great scandal trials of Victorian England.
Wilder, Billy - (Poland, 1906-??): Billy Wilder is the famed Hollywood screen writer, film director, and producer. He was born as Samuel Wilder on June 22, 1906 in Sucha, Poland (then part
of the Austro-Hungarian empire). His nickname, "Billie," was supposedly given him because of his childhood fascination with the American William Cody, "Buffalo Bill." Wilder was the son of a Jewish businessman. He went to school in Vienna, but baulked at the notion of pursuing a career in law and dropped out university without a degree, settling in Berlin where he associated himself with the German film industry as early as 1929. He worked as a screen writer. When Hitler came to power in 1933, Wilder realized that his Jewish ancestry would cause him problems. In fact Jews in the media industry were an early rarget for NAZI persecution. Wilder fled first to Paris and then in 1934 to America and headed for Hollywood.
Wolf, Konrad - (Germany, 1925-82):
An image shows Konrad Wolf, the film director, at the age of 10 years with his father Freidrich Wolf and his older brother Markus. Konrad and Markus were school boys in Moscow during 1938. Their father were among the German Communists that had to flee Germany fter the NAZIs seized power (1933). The boys wear typical Soviet boys' clothes--short sleeved shirts (it was summer time) with dark scarves or neckerchiefs. Konrad Wolf (1925-82) was born in Hechingen, Germany, and died in Berlin. Wolf joined the Red Army at the age of 18 and came to Germany as a liuetenant in 1945. In 1956 he became President of the East German Academy of Arts. He directed a number of famous films in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Among his most famous films are "Divided Sky" (1964) and "I Was Nineteen"
(1967).
Wolfe, Tom - (United States, 1900-1938): Noted American novelist, Tom Wolfe, grew up in North Carolina. He wore ringlets curls at 7-8 years of age, well after he began school. His mother insisted on them. Unlike many others boys wearing curls, he did not come from a wealthy family. I do not yet have details on his boyhood clothes, other than the fact he wore sailor suits.
Woods family - (England, 1890s): Lucy M. Boston (her married name) published a fascinating autobiography describing
her childhood and youth. The autobiography is Perverse and Foolish: A Memoir of Childhood and Youth (Atheneum, New York, 1979). It contains some intriguing photographs and interested incidents that she and her brothers and sisters experienced in Edwardian turn-of-the-century England. The book covers the period from the 1890s to the 1920s. There are also some interesting insights into nursery life.
Wright, Frank Lloyd - (United States, 1867- ) The most renowned American archetect of the 20th Century was born in Wisconsin. Even before his birth, his mother dreamed of a famous archetect for a son. As a boy Frank wore dresses but I do not know when he was breeched. As a baby he had his hair done it a knot, which as he got older he wore at shoulder length. I'm not sure if it was curled into ringlets. His long hair was not cut until he was 11 when he worked on a relative's farm during the summer. He hated the hard
work. By that time he was wearing conventional looking suits. Eventually his parents separated and he never forgave his father. Even so, he later was to walk out on his wife and six children.
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Yeltsin, Borris - (Russia,1931- ): Born in the Urals he seemed to be always getting into scrapes. The priest dropped him into the baptismal font and he almost drowned. After he was fished out alive, the priest proclaimed him "a good tough lad" and deserved the name Borris. His father was a quick-tempered worker who believed in giving his children a good beating for the slightest misbehavior. When he was 12, he got up at a school graduation ceremony and denounced the head teacher as a sadist who should not be entrusted with the ducation of children.
Zola, Emille - (France, 1840-1903): Zola's son Jacques/Dennis
(1891-19??) wore long shoulder-length hair even after he graduated from dresses at about 4 years of age. He wore broad-brimmed sailor hats with long hair. For most of his boyhood he wore sailor suits suits and smocks. Some of the sailor suits were rather like rompers. His clothes are a good representation of French boys' clothes at the turn of the century. He was most often dressed in above the knee white knicker sailor suits, sometimees with short socks and sometimes with long black stockings.
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