British Preparatory Schools e-Book: Volume V--Scotland
Figure 1.-- Volume V of the Apertures Press eBook series will concentrate on Scottish preparatory schools. We will describe the traditional prep school and the role of boarding. As in England there are both day and boardinf schools in Scotland. The schools in england and Scotland are quite simlar. We have not noted any major differences between the school programs. There were some differences in the uniform, but otherwise we habe not noted any oher major differences. It is interesting to note the British prep school program specifically at the Scottish schools.
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Welcome to the Apertures Press e-Book: British Preparatory Schools, Volume V. Of course it is just the beginning of the ffifth volume of our book, but we will gradually load new pages and new images. Apertures has received quite a few inquiries about both the printed book published in 1990 and the other volumes of our e-Book. Many readers have expressed an interest in Scotland. As a result, we have decided to compile another volume of our E-book specifically about Scotland. This is a follow up on our traditionally published book. Boys Preparatory Schools. We have chosen to make the e-Book available as we begin to prepare it. This will permit readers to follow our process by viewing draft pages and pages in progress as we create them. Besides giving readers the opportunity to follow progress on the book as it develops, it gives our Scottish friends the opportunity to review and comment on the various pages--allowing HBC to incorporate a much wider range of ideas and experiences than would otherwise have been possible.
Foreward
The authors, two amateur photographers, set out to create a photographic essay of Britain. It soon occurred to us that this had been done before by more talented photographers than ourselves. One of the subjects we found interesting was the many wonderful parish churches throghout Britain and the graveyards nearby with tombstones dating back centuries. The churches often had huge books with the names of parishoners who died in the two world wars, especially World War I. Often the vicar would be nearby to tell us about his church. During one of these to a church in Devon , a nearby prep school attended a church service and the headmaster who we met afterwards invited us to their afternoon fete. We were fascinated by the event and the headmaster invited us to photograph the school. It soon occurred to us that this was something unique. There are large numbers of school photographs, but most are formal portraits of the whole school or individual classes. Some photographs were taken in classrooms, but usually very stifly done photographs of the children sitting in their desks often with their hands folded on their desks. Some schools even cleared the children out of the way and took photographs of empty classrooms and dormitories. We decided to compile photographic essays of British schools, realistically depicting school life. We eventually visited about 100 different schools throughout Britain. We are extremely grateful for the headmasters and teachers who agreed to participate in our project. Most of all we are grateful to the many prep school children who enthusiastically participated in and contributed to our project. We hope that theu will be pleased with the final project.
We are organizing our British Preparatory Schools E-book into two separate volumes of E-Books. Volume I: Volume I was released in 2005. It is a topical treatment of the British Preparatory School with details on the organization, program, and the people involved. Here there is extensive discussion of the schools and preparatory school program based on a series of visits to the schools in the 1970s and 80s. Included with our assessment are numerous insights offered by the staff at the various schools we visited. Volume II: Volume II is the book you are reading here. It will be more of a photo essay organized roughly along the school's daily schedule. Here we will include along with our explanatory text some of the work by the children describing their schools and school experiences. Volume II is still in progress, but our initial pages can be viewed at this time. Volume III: Volume III is devoted primarilt to the prep school children. Here weare loading examples of the children's written work to go along with the photographs. This provides an insight into what the children think of their schools. Volume IV: Volume IV is another work in progress. Here we are ficusing oin the boarding experience.
Introduction
Britain has some of the best known schools in the world, especially its public schools which are really elite private fee-paying schools schools. Some of the public schools date to the 16th century. Some have even older origins. Quite a number, however, date to the 19th century when Britain was expanding its educational system to train administrators and technicials for its huge overseas empire. It was at this time that preparatory schools began to appear. Public schools originzlly taught boys of varying age, some quite young. Public schools could be very rough places, especially for younger boys. Educators by the early 19th century increasing realized that the educational needs of the younger boys required a school specifical suited for their needs. Thus the preparatory school was created, a school designed to prepare boys for the public schools. The educational history is discussed in volume I of our e-Book. Here we will focus on the boarding aspect. We will again focus on British preparatory schools, but we will add some information about the senior schools as well as some information about schools in Britain's former colonies.
The British isles has over time time been populated by many different people. It has never until modern times been populated by by a single united people. Many different people have inhabited the northern part of Britain. The Romans called the northern area Caladonia and after failing to subdue the fierce norther tribes built Hadrians Wall to keep them out of their prosperous new province. Scotland in the modrn sence did not emerge until the Roman departure from Britain. It was an almallgum of native Picrs, Irish, Cektic Britons fleeing north from the Anglo-Saxon invaders, and others. Much of the rest of Scottish history is the struggle to remain independent from the more powerful English kingdom to the south. The Anglo -Saxons were unable to get a foothold north of Northumbria. This changed with the Advent of the Normans. Edward I conquered Wales and seem posed to quickly conquer Scotland. William Wallace made it a much more difficult proposition. Robert the Bruce firmly established Scottish indepedence. Scotland was swept by the Reformation. Scotland was joined in a personal union in the person of King James I. Scotland played a major role in launching the English Civil War. The personal union in the person of the monarchy was followed by the Act of Union under Queen Anne. Scotland played an important role in the Industrial Revolution. The final Highland effort to break with England was the Jacobin rising of 1745 led by Bonny Prince Charley--the Stuart pretender. This led to the Higland enclosures and immigration, especially to America. While the Scotts failed to break away from England, the backwoods Scott-Irish played a major role in the American success during the Revolutionary War.
Education in Scotland during the medieval era was not unlike thsat in England and Catholic Europe in general. Formal education was limited and what did existed was dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. The Church organized Church choir song schools and grammar schools in the main burghs as well as some smaller towns. Some of the earliest schools were the High School of Glasgow (1124) and the High School of Dundee (1239). As in the rest of Western Europe, universities were founded in thate late medieval period. This included the University of St. Andrews (1413), Glasgow (1451), and Aberdeen (1495).
Parliament passed the first Scottish Education Act (1496). It made the education of barons and wealthy property owners compulsory. The motivation appears to have been to improve the administration of justice. It was the aristocracy tand wealthy landowners who were primarily responsible for the justice system.
Scotland convrted to Protestantism early in the Reformation. Calvinism spread by John Knox was accepted throughout much of Scotland. This had a major impct on educatin because of the Protestant belief that it was important for the individual to read the Bible. This mean that some form of public education was needed. Thus Scotland has the longest history of universal public education in the British Isles, three centuries before a similar commitment was made in England. The educatinal approach is also somewhat different./
Scottish schools once pass primary level have tended to persue a course of studies emphasising a broad range of subjects. English schools on the other hand tend to persue a more narrow curriculum, but in greater depth.
Scoittish shools are mostly non-denominational. The Church of Scotland does not have a substantial educational program like the Church of England. There are some Catholic schools in Scotland. This was made possible by the Education Act (1918). They are within the state system, fully funded by the Scottish Government. Like the secular schools, they are administered by the Education and Lifelong Learning Directorate.
Many but not all of the Catholic students are of Irish ancestry. Many Irish people emigrated to England and Scotlnd during the 19thbcentury seking jobs uin undustrial cities like Glasgow.
State schools in Scotland are owned and operated by the local (municipal) authorities which are the Education Authorities under Scottish law. Attendance is compulsory at both the promary and secondary level. Many secondary schools are referrred to as high schools, a term not commonly used in England.
There is only a small private (independent) sector, in part because the state system has been highly regarded. The private system has expanfded in recent years, largely because of parental concens with preceived declines in the quality of the state system.
Click here to have a look at the various sections of British Preparatory Schools, Volume V another E-Book released by Apertures Press. Here we concentrate on Scottish preparatory schools. We will describe the traditional prep school and the role of boarding. As in England there are both day and boardinf schools in Scotland. The schools in england and Scotland are quite simlar. We have not noted any major differences between the school programs. There were some differences in the uniform, but otherwise we habe not noted any oher major differences. It is interesting to note the British prep school program specifically at the Scottish schools.
The photographs here were taken by the authors, except for the historical photographs in the chronological section. You may notice that many of the photographs are not technically perfect. Here the choice was between technical perfection and realism. We are sure that teachers and former pupils will see this and our other schoolnpublications as very realistic depictions of school life. This is in large measure because the idea of the project was take candid photographs showing the children and teachers going about their normal everyday activities. By candid we do not mean that the children were unaware of us, but that the photographs were not formal portaits in which the children were especially dressed up and posed. Setting up photographs in classrooms would have not only been disruptive, but would not shown class activities as they actually occurred. The same is essentially the case of the freetime photographs, only here we had a little more flexibility to make minor changes so that we were not, for example, shooting into the sun. The children were very interested in our project and anxious to be photographed. Here we did a little posing to get interesting backgrounds or to take photographs in small groups. Also the children may many suggestions to us about where to take photographs of interesting activities or good views of the school, grounds, and facilities. We found that the children especially liked to be photographed with friends so we often took smll group rather than single photographs. Even with the free time photographs, however, the photographs are primarily candid shots. Thus what you see here are the schools as they were operating on a normal day.
Advantages
There are a number of advantages to our new E-book. Publishing a photographic book in full colr is a very expensive undertaking. Here you get to see the beautiful Apertures Press images in full color. Another advantage is that you get to see the book as it evolves. You also get to participate, if you wish, in the books publication as Apertures welcomes comments or submission of written work, short literary pieces, art work, and photographs. The E-book will also include many more color photography than will be feasible in the published book because of the high cost of color printing. We eventually hope to load about 200 pages and 300 images.
Apertutres Press welcomes contributions from readers to our book. We were able to visit only about 100 schools. There are of course many more preparatory schools. If you would like to contribute material about your school or your school experience, we incourage you to do so. Contrubutions can be photographs, drawings, essays, or just little written snipets--what ever you may care to contribute.
The Project
This British Preparatory Schools E-Book is part of a major effort that Apertures Press has under taken to put a human face on schools around the world. The objective is to draw a realistic picture of the school experience in different countries around tge world. We hacve done work in Australia, Italy, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We are still in the process of preparing our photographic work and written insights for publication. We are interesting in contacting teachers, shool administrators, and photographers in other countries that would be interested in future e-Books that Apertures Press could publish. Interested parties should contact Apertures Press through the e-Mail link here.
If you have any questions about British preparatory schools, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail. We will be glad to post your queries here and attempt to answer your questions about this exciting new Apertures Press project in the innovative E-book format. Our British readers will have a better knowledge of the British school system than readers from America and other countries. We will try to find photographs to illustrate the issues you raise and our answers to them.
The concept of an E-Book is still fairly new. Many of you have asked questions about the mechanics of the book and how it is set up. Note that substantive questions about preparatory schools and British education are dealt with in the previous section above. Here we are talking about the mechanics of an E-Book. Check here for some of the most frequantly asked questions as your question may have already been asked and answered. If not we will be glad to add your question here. There is also some information about out future plans for the book.
We welcome reader input to our eBooks. In fact you as a reader can make an important contribution to the books. This includes both our British and non-British readers. We have added a range of observations to our eBooks an attempted to analize the images in some detail. We believe, however, that the ideas and experiences of our readers can help to add to our observations. Thus we encourage you to comment on the various pages as you read them. This includes both factual observations and questions. Questions can be just as useful. If there is something you do not understand, it is likely that others had the same experience. Thus it is a topic or photograph we need to explain better or in more detail. If it is a new topic, we will look for a new image to illustrate it.
Apertures Press has published a 125-page hard cover book depicting every-day life at British preparatory schools. The book includes about 250 never before published black and white and color photographs illustrating school life during the 1980s. There are also many older photographs to illustrate a brief historical essay providing background information on these splendid little schools. Accompanying the photographs are poems, essays, and quips by the children themselves describing their school experiences. Most of the photographs were taken in England and Scotland, but British preparatory schools in Italy, New Zealand, South Africa, and Ulster are also shown. Please have a look at the various pages of our web site for information on Boys' Preparatory Schools.
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