Figure 1.--Young black children had to try to enter the schools under very stressful cinditions. Often they were viciously harassed by the white children, especially in high schools. |
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Governor Orval Faubus' use of the National Guard and mob violence to unit block the admission of Little Rock Nine was the most publicised early attempt to block school desegragation and defy the courts (1957). Faubus' use of the National Guard was just one way that states and local goverments resisted the Supreme Couer ruling. Various legal and extra-legal methods were used throughout the South. There were ugly incidents harassing black children trying to attend all-white schools. Young black children had to try to enter the schools under very stressful cinditions. Often they were viciously harassed by the white children, especially in high schools. White parents and other adults staged protests outside schools. Black children often had to run a gauntlet to get into the schools. Local police commonly refused to intervene. Even when able to get into the school building, the black children were often refused admission by the school authorities. Elected leaders sworn to defending the constitution devised a range of strantegies to prevent desegregation which became known as Massive Resistance. The state actions proved very successful. A decade after the Brown deccission, only about 2 percent of Black children in the Deep South attened integrated schools.
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