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Mozambique is a former-Portuguese colony in southwest Africa. During the Portuguese colonial era, schooling was primarily for the Portuguese colonists and asimilados. There was little effort to build a school system for the majority African population. Missionary schools played an important role. The Portuguese education system itself was poor so it is no surprise that little was done in Mozambique. Portugal fought a protracted colonial war (1950s-70s).
A leftist military coup in Portugal finally brought an end to the War and independence for Mozambique (1975). The National System of Education (SNE) was introduced several years after independence (1983). It was the first system designed by Mozambicans themselves. The FREELIMO Government which seized power adopted Marxist policies. This and support for guerillas fighting white-minoritiy governmebnts in South Africa and Rhodesia left the Government without the resopurces to build a quality education system. And this was d\further complicated when the Rohodesia and South Africa supported opposition grouos in Mozambique, resulting in a protracted civil war. The civil war did enormous damage to the country's infrastructure, including the limited education infrastructure. A peace agreeent was finally achieved (1992), allowing the Mozambique Government to focus on domestic development. The education system has since rapidly expanded to accommodate the large number of children who were without schools. Attendance gradually incresed, reaching nearkly 70 percent (2003). The limited reqorces of the country, however, requied the Government to require families to pay school fees. School fees for primary children were finally abolished (2005). Reports now indicate that vurtually all primary-age children attend school (2010). Major problems, however, remain. One of the most serious is that many teachers are not well trained. Many schools operate on adouble-shift system and some even have tripe-shifts. For the critical begonning years, teachers confront classes of about 75 children on average. And while almost all children now begin school, about half leave school before finishing 5th grade. Many schools lack adequate water and sanitation facilities and many classrooms do not have desks and basic school materials. And endejmic poverty and AIDS has forced the schools to confront issues beyond that of basic education. The Governement attempts to provide health services as well as other basic services to orphaned and other vulnerable children. We do not yet have much information on individual schools. We do note the Tito de Carvalho school in Beria during 1925. This was during the Portuguese colonial period.
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