*** English school uniform : individual schools alphabetical listings F-L





English School Uniform: Individual School Alphabetical Listings F-L

Some information is available on individual schools to illustrate school uniform trends at the various types of schools. Schools have had different uniforms over time, but there is great similarities as so many schools used the same basic styles. This is especually true of the boys' uniforms. There is much more difference over time as schools are constantly updating their uniforms. HBC has acquired information on uniforms at several specific schools over time. Some of these are very well known school hile others are not widely known outside their local community. Schoolwear trends at these schools reflect overall changes in fashion trends. This was especially the case before World War II when state chools generally did not reuire uniforms. Some schools with uniforms insisted on preserving tradtional styles for their uniforms while other schools decided to keep their uniforms more in line with contemprary fashion. This provides information on how school uniform styles and regulations changed over time. The school information also illustrates the differences in schoolwear at different types of English schools.

F

Farnham Grammar School

The Farham Grammar School was a boys' school. One source suggess that a school may have operated as early as 1351 when a chantry was established at Farnham Castle. There is documented evidece that the grammar school was founded in 1585. Not a lot of information is available on the operation of the school in the year ages, but there are records of applications and bequests. The school was located by the 17th century in West Street, Farnham until 1906. At that time the school moved into new premises on Morley Road. The school was officially closed after the 1973-74 school yera. At that time, educational reforms introduced coeducation. The Grammar School facilities were taken over by Farnham College. The school is located in Farnham, Many of the boys came from rural areas. In the early years the boys came from Farnham and surrounding villages. By the 20th century boys from Guildford, Woking, and Godalming also attended.

Farnworth Grammar School

We do not have many details concerning the history of the Farnworth Grammar School. It was founded in 1715. The school was closed about 1983 and demolished in 1988. It was a small grammar school in the north-west of England. The school appears to have had a strict uniform requirement after World War II. We are unsure what the uniformn was like in earlier years.

Froebelian School

Here we see a group of younger children fron the Froebelian School in 1951. The dealer insisted that the school was in Kendal, but we believe this was The Frobelian School in Leeds. We do not believe there was nore than one such school. The school was founded by Miss L. Hoe (1913). She was influenced by the educational approaches developed by the German educator, Freidrich Froebel. He was particularly interested in early childhood education. We are not sure at what age the school began with at first, but the school now takes children 3-10 years of age and thy leave at at age 11. This of course was when the 11+ examps used to direct students to grammar schools or sevondary moderns. The school is a provate day school. Here we see a musucal group, the percussion band. TYhey won first prize at the Westmoreland Festival in 195.. We do not know if that was a school event or local community event. The children wear a basic grey uniform. The boys wear ties jumpers (sweaters), short psnts, anf knee socks. The girls wear ties, blouses, gym slios or skirts , and knee socks, Many state primaries adopted uniforms like this, but we belive this was not very common yet in the early-50s. Uniforms like this were common in state primaries by the 1960s. We believe that the choice was up to each school.

G

Gillingham Preparatory School

We know nothing about Gillingham Preparatory School except that it was operaing in the 1940s and tht broadcaster David Frost attended the school.

Gordon School

A major event in British imperial history was the death of General Charles George Gordon when Kartoum in the Sudan fell to the Mahdi who led an Islamist revolt against the Egyotians and British (1885). One of the principal reasons for the Islamic rebellion was British efforts to end the African slave trade pursued by fundamentalist Arabs. Goirdon was a popular figure in Britain. He had also fought in China. The British public were horrified at his death. Queen Victoria hrself took took the lead in creating a fitting National Memorial for the fallen hero. The Gordon Boy' School ws founded by public subscription for poor boys (1886). The school was initially for undrprivlidged boys was a concern of Gordon. The Queen became a patron of the new school. The school was run like a military school. The early full dress were tartan trousers, a dark blue jersey with G.B.H. embroidered on it and a Glengarry cap with plaid band and Gordon badge. The ordinary every day uniform was green corduroy clothing with brass buttons. Gordon's School is today a coeductional voluntary-aided comprehensive secondary school. It is lovated in Woking, Surrey. The students are now mostly day pupils, but about one-third of the children bord. Many of the students are the children of military families.

Grange First School

Here we have a class portrait from the Grange First School. We know nothing about the school. The name suggests that it may be a private school, but not a prep school. It looks to be a primary school. Just what the age range was at the school we are not sure.

Greenholme Mills School

The textile mill owners around the village of Burley-in-Wharfedale, Yorkshire, in the 19th century opened a school for the children who were employed in the mills around the village. It was a part-time school. The children worked half a day in the mill and were half-time scholars in the school. The children were boys and girls. The school was opened in 1856. The headmaster was Thomas Clark. He was the headmaster throughout the time the school functioned. When it opened there were 46 boys and 48 girls who attended the Greenholme School. The Burley Historical Society says that the children spent a morning or afternoon in the school and the rest of the time working in the mills. There were evening classes for those who wanted to study advanced courses.

Greenock Academy

English schools have a wide variety of names. Some are misleading. Some comprehensives, for example, kept the name of the grammar schools they replaced. Academies are private schools, often comparable to private day schools. Private schools were often named academies in Scotland, but there were some in England as well, like Grennock Academy.

H

Hallgate National and Bluecoat School

We note the National and Bluecoat School at Hallgate. The Bluecoat School move to Hallgate in 1825. The Infant's School opened in 1867, next door to the Bluecoat School. I am not sure just what the National School had to do with the Bluecoat School, but at least some of the boys from the National School went to the Bluecoat School. We are not sure if the Infant's School was only part of the National School are added on later. At any rate we have an image from the Infant's Class in 1914 and at tghe time the School seems to have been called the National and Bluecoat School, Hallgate. Many of the girls wear pinafores. The boys wear a variety of outfits.

Harrington Court Primary School

We do not know a lot about Harrington Court Primary School. It looks to be a typical London or other large city primary school built probablky in two storires of red brick. A red brick wall encloses the school with a paved play ground surrounding the school. While we know little about it. We add it here because the available image is so typical of English schools. It looks to be an all boys school. There was no required uniform, but some boys in a 1934 photograph wore caps.


Figure 2.--This grammar school photograph was taken in 1961. It was the Harrow Country Grammar School. These are the form 1 boys or new entrants. They would be about 12 years old.

Harrow School

A HBC reader tells us that he visited Harrow School on an open day. A very interesting outing which included a visit to the famous centuries old classroom with the hundreds of carved names on the panelling. The "custos" (a school retainer) did a wonderful job with the tour. Harrow boys for yer wore an Eton suit uniform.

Harrow County School for Boys

Ther Harrow County School for Boys is now known as Harrow High School. The school was a grammar school which had a traditional uniform with what looks like a black blazer. The school has since been converted to a comprehensive school.

Hatfield School No. 4

Hatfield is a town Hertfordshire west of London. It is of Saxon origins. England, in the borough of Welwyn Hatfield. It had a population of 29,616 in 2001, and is of Saxon origin. We have an undated class portrait from a primary school designated Hatfield N.4. We can see the school in the background. Hatfield was apparently known for its workhouse / poor schools. This looks to us, however, as a typical English primary school. There are about 50 boys, but this may have been one class. The portrait is undated, but looks like it was taken about 1900, perhaps a fw years earlier. The boys are all wearing knee pants and long stockings with all kinds of different blouses and jackets. The headwear is especially interesting, the boys are mostly but not all weating caps. They look to be about 7-8 years old.

Hayes Grammar School

The Hayes Grammar School appears to have been one of the few such schools that was coeducational. This was unsusual as most grammar schools were single gender schools. The full name was the Hayes County Grammar School. The school still exists, but became a comprehensive in 1974-75, with the new name Hayes Manor School. When it was a grammar school, the boys wore blazers with colored piping. The girls wore sweaters. The available image from 1958 shows the boys wearing flannel shorts and knee socks.

Heddon Court

Heddon Court was located at Cockfosters, Barnett. It was the preparatory an in fact the first school attended by Gavin Maxwell, the Scottish naturalist and author of Ring of Bright Water (1960). One of his lesser known works is The House of Elrig (1965), his childhood reminsences. It includes a short section on his time at Heddon Court. He does not provide a great deal of information about the school uniform, except he tells us that "most of the smaller boys wear shorts". This suggests that it was up the boys or more likely their partents as to whether shorts were worn. The school did not require it. He also tells us that an older boy (13 years old) wore a baggy Harriws tweed jacket and breeches. (I believe breeches means knickers.) His description provides some insights on prep school life in the mid-1920s. The most was his substance (a older boy to show him around the school and teach him the rules), his first bath, and running feud with his roommate. At school he was known as "Maxwell minimus" even by a older brother.

Hexham School

We have found a class photograph from Hexham School. We have no asdditional information, but we acn date the portrait to the 1960s, probably the mid- to late-60s. Hexham grew as a market town Northumberland along the south bank of the River Tyne. It is close to Hadrian's Wall. Hexham Abbey originated as a monastery founded by St. Wilfrid (674). As far as we can tell, this was a fairly standard primary scchool. It seems to have been a primary school that rquired a basic uniform. Primary schools until after World War II did not require a uniform. Anglican and Catholic schools seem to have been an exception. We see some pirmary schools adopting iniforms in thev 1960s. This appears to have been one of them, at least for the boys. The girls seem to be able to wear what they wanted, except white knee socks were standard. That is rather unusual. Most schools if they adopt a uniform, do so for both the boys and girls. Thev boys wore white shirts and ties. We are not surevabout the pants. One boys wears grey short pants and knee socks. We are also not sure about the rest of the boys. The group look like two class (form) groups photographed together and the two teachers with them. They look like a 4th year class, maning children about 10 years old. .

Highgate School

Highgate School is private English boys' school that has become a coeducational school. Like many public schools it was primarily a boarding school divided into houses. It now has prep anf pre-prep divisions. We have little information on the school's history explaining when it was founded and when prp and pre-prep divisions were added. The boys in the secondary school wear jackets and ties, but there does not appear to have been a uniform as such.

Hill House International Junior School

Hill House was founded by Lt-Col Stuart Townend and his wife at La Tour-de-Peilz in Switzerland (1949) and at Hans Place in London (1951). The ethos of the school was a little different than other prep schools in which social excluivity was before World War II a major factor. There were no fancy blazers and ties. The educational concept was that children from all over the world should have the opportunity to pursue an an English curriculum. Important to the teaching was that every nation is equal but different and that peaceful co-existence comes from mutual respect, understanding and consideration for others. It is the liberal credo that is generous in spirit, but less founded in reality. The school became quite famous when the royal princes were enrolled there, primarily because of the German background of Prince Phillip. The uniform was designed for practicality. As far as we know this is the only school in England where the boys wear knickers. It was a seasonal garment. Boys there commonly wore shorts in the warm weather and knickers when the weather turned cool. This seemsto be left up to the individual children. When the school went coed the girls also wore the knickers unifom.

Holton Road Primary School

English primary schools in villages generally went by the name of the village. City schools were different. They tended to take on the name of the street or road. This worked in England because the cities were not laid out on the grid pattern, thus streets and roads tended to be shorter than in America. The school here is the Holton Road Boys School. Village schools tended to be coeducational because there werre not enough children for two separate schools. In towns and cities, single gender schools were the standard, but this had begun to change even before World War II. The school here is the Holton Road Boys School, a primary in Hartlepoolis a seaside and port town in the northern county of Durham, datig back to the early medieval era. The town grew up around a monastary. It was a large cabinet card with ruling showing the standard 1A class, meaning boys about 6 years old. The portrait was taken in 1924. The boys are not wearing suits which was common in the 1910s, but mostly jereys (sweaters). Some of the boys are wearing sailor suits. The class is notable for all the boys wearing longish-cut short pants, most with knee socks and high-top shoes.

Hull Jewish School

We believe there was a Hull Jewish School, perhaps more than one. There was a substantial Jewish community in Hull, a sea port on the Huner. It was the principal port from which European Jews (mostly Russian and Polish) flowed to North America, South America and Australia in the late 19th and early 20th century.. The major destiatuin was America. Many other northrn European migrants were involved, but a great Jew headed to America traveled through Hull. We do not know a great deal about the Hull Jewish community, but there were quie a number of synagogues so there must have been at least one school. We are not sure to what extent English Jews attended private and public schools rather than their own schools.

Hydneye House School
Figure 2.--Here we see the boys in the Hydneye House School yard, probably during morning break in the 1960s. The school was founded in Eastbourne, but moved to a more spacious site here, the Ridge in Hastings.

Hydneye House

Hydneye House was a Eastbourne Prep School which was in Church Street, Willingdon. The School was founded in about 1890 and was in Eastbourne until 1918, when it moved, having outgrown its existing premises. We notice the boys drssed up in light-colored suits with long pants and school caps at the turn of the century. We notice the boys by the 1960s wearing standard every day prep school uniforms of sweaters, short pants, and knee sock with sandals. Troughout its existence it was an all-boys school. The school closed about 1970.

I


J


K


Karts Boys' School

An English dealer identifies this CDV portarait as the Karts Boy School. Have been unable ton find any inormation about the school and the dealer provided no other information. It is interesting because it is clearly a very early portrait, we think from the late-1860s, perhaps the early-70s. This is a period for which we don't have all that many English school images. While we have no informron bout the school, the date and the ages can be deduced as well as their economic situation. The fact that many of the tounger boys are wering long pants, strongly suggestd the 1860s. And the fact that the boys are well dressed shows that it was a private school with boys coming from families in confortable circumstances. , All of this leads us to believe that it was a private school, preumably a prep school. The boys look to be about 8-13 yers of old preparung for one of Britain's public (elite private boarding) schools. There is no uniform, but the boys are all wearing suits. The school may have been in the Leicestershire region.

Kea School

This one is a little tricky. It is a coed school primary school. We would guess the class portrait was taken in the a 1890s. Boys hold a chalk board with the name od the school. The problem is are not sure about the writing. We would guess it rads 'Kea School', but we are not sure, the Kea is not very clear. There is a Kea School in Cornwall and it looks to be a 19th century building. The problem is the Kea School in Cornwall is a stone building and this one is brick. So we may be reading board incorrectly. Also we are not sure what Mo. 5 means. We have not noticed schools being regerred to by numbers like this. And these look to be younger children. We have not notice forms (grades) being referredto like this and usually the forms for youunger children are lower numbers. Perhaps our English readers will have some insights. The children look to us to be about 6 years old, some look like they may be only 5 yers old. Age 6 years of course is the age English children began school. Quite a number of the boys wear sailor suits. .Most of the others wear collar-buttoning suit jackets with Eton collars, albeit rather moderare sized Eton collars. There are fewer girls than boys and the way they are placed we can not tell much about the dresses they are wearing.

King Edward VI Five Ways School

King Edward VI Five Ways is a selective co-educational state grammar school for children ages 11–18 years of age. It is located in Bartley Green, Birmingham. It is one of the seven establishments of the Foundation of the Schools of King Edward VI (16th century). Allschools at the time were all-boy schools. The boys were evascuated to Wales during World War II. Today it is a coeducatiional voluntary aided school, with admission by highly selective examination. Most grammar schhols were converted to comprehensive schools (1970s), but Five Ways School retains its traditiins as a selective grammar school.

King Edward VII School

The King Edward VII School at Sheffield like many English secondary schools began as a private school. In fact until after World War I there were no free state secondary schools in Britain. The King Edward VII school was founded in 1905 when Wesley College and Sheffield Royal Grammar School were combined. Fees were abolished in 1945 with the comong of Labour Governments in Britain. The school operated as boys' grammar (academically selective secondary) school for many years and is now a comprehensive. We have no information about the school uniform at this time. While the School operated as a grammar school, Scouting was a popular activity.

Kings School (Germany)

King School was a coed British school located in Gernmany for the children of the British military families stationed in Germany. It looks to be a preparatory school. I think it was a boarduing school, but am not possitive. I also do not know if it was exclusively for British children or if American and German children also attended. There was no school uunifor. A class photograph from 1963 suggests that parents had widely different attitudes toward proper school gear. Some boys look like Americans in open colared shirts anf jeans while other boys dress as if they were at an exclusive privare school with a strict uniform requirement.

(The) King's School, Tynemouth

The King's School at Tynemouth was founded in 1860 as a new public school. Quite a few public schools were founded in the late-19th century to help meet the needs of the expanding British Empire. The school was originally founded in Jarrow (1860), but moved to its present site in Tynemouth (1865). The school originally was created to provide private education for local boys and was called as Tynemouth School. The current name is much more recent. The name was changed to The King's School (1960s). The name is in reference to the three ancient kings buried at Tynemouth Priory. The headmaster's house which still survives as Tynemouth House, which continues to be used for conferences and teaching. We do not know much anout uniforms at the school, but we note boys wearing Eton suits in the late-19th century. The school is now a co-educational, independent day school in Tynemouth, Tyne and Wear. IKt is located near Newcastles where many od the students live. There are now more than 800 pupils aged between 4 and 18 years of age. The school has a Christian foundation as the largest member of the Woodard Corporation, but accepts pupils of any religious background.

Kirkby Thore School

Kirkby Thore School was located in Kirkby Thore, a small village and hill in Cumbria (northern England). It is close to the Lake District and the Cumbrian Pennines. The Pennine Chain or Pennine Hills, are a senic range of mountains and hills in England separating Northwest England from Yorkshire and Northeast England. They are commonly described as the 'backbone of England'. The market town of Appleby-in-Westmorland is about 5 miles from Kirby Thorne. The larger town of Penrith is about 8 miles away. We have no information on the school other than a single 1921 portrait. We can see a substantial, well-lit (notice the large windows) stone building. It was a small coed school. There are 35 children. So the whole scjool was about 70 children. Schools at the time were mostly single gender schools, but small villages often single gender as there were not enough students for two chools or seopsrate gender classes. It looks to us like an 8-year state primary. The children look to be the older children at the school, we think about 10-13 years of age. The girls wear a range of dresses and sweaters. Several of the girls wear pinfores. The boys mostly wear suits. One boy wears a sailor suit. Most wear knickers, but some wear short pants nd knee socks which would become standard by the end of the decade.

Knapp Road School

The Knapp Road School was located at Bow, a region in the East End of London. It is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets with a history dating back to Roman Britain. We do not have a lot of information on the school. We note records in the British National Archive (1876-1952). We think that means the school was built in 1876. This would go along with the time table of British public education . Parliament passed a public education act (1870). There was Government funding of education befofe. But Britain lagged behind many other countries, especially America and Germany. Parliament in 1870 guaranteed a free primary education for all children. Which meant a major school construction program. We have found references to a boys' school and a girls' school as well as photographs of boys and girls together. We also notice a report of a school being damaged in a World War II V--2 attack. State primaries did not have uniforms, but we notice one photograph apparently from the 1890s with boys and girls almost all wearing spotless white pinfores. We are not sure what they are wearing along with their pinafores. The class is mostly girls, but we see several children that are clearly boys. We suspect that mothers liked the idea, but we are not so sure about the boys.

Knoll Secondary Modern School

A reader tells us, "From 1970-75 I attended the Knoll Secondary Modern School for Boys,in Hove, Sussex, UK. This was the era when long hair on guys was acceptable. The uniform was black woolen blazer,long black/grey trousers, matching red/gold tie that matched up to the same coloured badge on the blazer breast pocket. But what really makes me smile is when you see a modern school prospectus saying that strictly no boots are to be worn with a boys school uniform. I think that during the 1970's these schools would have had heart attacks, as most lads wore side-zip boots that went up under the trousers. The height would range anywhere from 6-17 inches. Sometimes the boots would have the famous platform supports or a stacked heel of some 2 and a half inches high with a wedged toe. Often, if the trousers would ride some way up the leg, on sitting down or lounging around, allowing high boot length to show, one would resemble a crewman from the Original Star Trek series ..... ! The school was for boys 13-18 years of age. Secondary Moderns and Grammars all had a colored blazer and long trousers. The Knoll had a pretty heavy reptutaion as being a "rough" school, even though you could get good CSE and GCE exam results. The uniforms were smart enough but the reputation of some of the lads in the school left a lot to be desired. It was the only school I ever knew where prefects could get coshed on the head for "being in the way". And that's heavy!!. The school was called the Knoll because it was on a small hill ... a knoll. It closed down in the 1980's and is now a factory." [Arundell]

Knowle Board School

Board Schools were a critical step on public education. They were the first state run schools in England. They began with Education Act of 1870 which authorized the creaion of local school boards. The Act gave the local boards the authority to raise funds for schools from local rates (taxes) which we think meant realestate taxes. The local boads had the authority to build and operate non-denominational schools when existing voluntary (primarily denominational) schools were inadequate to meet community needs. The local boards also had the alternative of subsidising existing denominational schools. And the boards has the autority of pay the fees of indigent children, but were not required to do so. The local school boards were also given the authority to pass a municipal by-law making school attendance compulsory for children between 5-13 years of age. The 1870 law did not require any religious education beyond basic Bible reading. We believe the school here is the Knowle Board School in Sprinfield, Dudley, Staffordshire. (There is also a historic Knowle School in Bristol so we are not positive.) It was one of thousands of primary schools opened across Britain as aesult of the ground-breaking 1870 Education Act. The schools were not free, although fees were very low. The Knowle School was one of the schools built by the Rowley Regis School Board and opened February 12th, 1877. There were 32 pupils on that first day. They were under the care of Miss Edith Davison. Probably fee requirements limited attendance. The local iron works were expanding and both clay and coal mines brought families to Rowley Regis and their children needed an education. The first head mistriss, Edith Davison, wrote in her school log book, "from February 26th � March 2nd eleven admittances, order improved, still the children are in a wild state, owing to some of them never having been to school before." Finally in 1880 as a result of further legislation the local boards assumed the full cost of educationand made attendance compulsory for children through age 10 years. Over time the school evolved into an infants (meaning prirmary) school.


L


Lambeth Wesleyan Day School
Figure 3.--Here we see some of the children at Lambeth Wesleyan Day School. The Methodist Church began founding Subday schools fiest and then day schools (mid-19th century). This is the Lambeth Wesleyan Day School in 1905. Notice the boys' Eton collars and girls hair bows and pinafores.

Lambeth Wesleyan Day School

We do not yet have details on the Wesleyan schools. we note that thecfirst schools were Sunday Schools. The Methodist Coference approved a program of day schools, referred to as ;week day schools'. (1836). The Committee committed to, "Wgat we wisg=h for is nnot mrely schools but Church schools .... Not meerly education, but education which may begin in an infant school and end up in Heaven." The newly created Wesleyan Education Committee emphazized that 'these schools should provide with influences, and restraints of a well regulated and happy Christian family.' The Conference then set up a General Committee of education to promote the opening of schools and establish a place to train teacers (1841). [Best] We begin to notice Parlimebtary paper dealing with Wesleyan day ans sunday schoold vehinning in the 1850s. This began earlier but we note them at least by the 1850s. We note reference to chpels first, but schools by the 1850s. A good example is Briton Hill (1857). and we notice reference to Aambeth Wesylm School (1861). There were several sites in Lambeth. We find a 1848 report on the school. "The Lambeth Chapel Wesleyan Day Schools are large school on the British system, held in good rooms ttched to the chapel in China Terrace, which serve lso for its Sunday schools. Both boys' and girl' schools have been conducted for sime time by teachers nof superior ability and energy, and consequently have a full attendabce and high reputation. In the boys' school a number of the head childrenhave received a good English education; but for want of a thorough revisionof the methods a proportional amount of instruction is not being conveyed throughout the body of the school, not even throughout the top class itself. The discipline, for the same reaon, is infrior, notwithstanding the perfect capacity of the master individually to command its movements. At the request of the committee I pointed out the defects, and there is no want of ability in the master to perceive and remedy them. The girls' school was just undergoing change of teachers and temporarily in the management of a young assistant teacher, who had it in perfect control. The good discipline n gentel intlligence prevailing throughout werevery creditable to its lte teacher. But the methods want reviing, to substantiate real labour for some remining degree of self-complcent noisiness in the interrogtory exercises. The newly appointed mistress, whom I found here on the 29th, appears to be entering on her duties with tact and spirit." {Her Majesty's Inspectors]

Lancaster Royal Grammar

The Lancaster Royal Grammar has a long history. It is one of the oldest schools in England. In fact it is one of the oldest in the whole of England that is still in existence. It was founded in 1235 A.D., before the better known public schools such as Eton and Harrow. He has provided us a perspectus from the 1860s which provide some interesting insights about the school, including the fees together with the requisite school uniform list. The uniform in the 1950s consisted of a dark blue blazer, lught grey shirt, dark blue tie with royal blue stripes, dark grey shorts, dark grey kneesocks with blue bands in the turn-over top, and black shoes. A HBC reader tells us that he attended the Lancaster Royal Grammar in the 1970s. He reports that the school is still going strong and the uniform exactly the same except long grey trousers and black ankle socks are now the standard.

Leigh Grammar School

Leigh is a city in Lacashire. We do not have any information on the history of the Leigh Grammar School. There appears to have been both a boys and girls grammar. I'm not sure to what extent the two schools cooperated. There does not seem to be school internet sites, but there are references to the school (presumably the boys' grammar in several biographies. A few former students complain that music was discouraged.

Liverpool School Board Industrial Truant School of Hightown

William E. Fergusson has provided us a very informative account of the Liverpool School Board Industrial Truant School of Hightown. Edwardian England, like the present day, had a problem with children who played truant. It was a consequence of the 1870 Education Act. This legislation made attending elementary school compulsory. It was designed to supplement the educational provision of the voluntary school sector. This became known as filling the gaps. Schools were built in areas were there were large child populations but inadequate school provision.

Sources

Arundell, Anthony. E-mail message (March 22, 2004).

Best, G.M. "A historical perspctive on Methodist involvement in school education after Wesley".

Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools. Committee on Education. Minutes of the Committee of Council on Education Correspondence, Financial Statements, Etc., and Reports Volume 2 (1848).

Perry, Roland. Last of the Cold War Spies: The Life of Michael Straight, the Only American in Britain's Cambridge Spy Ring (Da Capo, 2005), 395p.

Strong, Amaryllis. E-mail message, November 12, 2003.








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