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The Balkan countries fought a series of wars known as the Balkan Wars with the Ottomans and with each other (1911-13). As a result of these wars, the Greeks liberated the rest of mainland Greece, including Thessaloniki with Salonica and its substantial Jewish community. The Ottomons had allowed the Jews to establish their own community institutions like schools and hospitals. The Greeks allowed this situation to continue. The Jewish community of Salonica, however, was devestated by a great fire (1917). The origins of the conflagration are unknown. There were 32 synagogues destroyed and about 50,000 Jews made homeless. Many went to France and Palestine.
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