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Marshal Pilsudski had become a Pilsudski hsad beome the leading Polish nationalist figure. Hefougjht with the Austrians againt Russia, but was eventually arrested by the Germans. German authorities released Marshal Pilsudski from Magdenburg prison, the day before the Armistace on the Wesern Front (November 10, 1918). He immeditely headed for Warsaw. He arrived there on the same day the Armistice on the Western Front went into effect (November 11). The Germans had set up a Regency Council in Warsaw. Understanding that a Polish national rising was about to take place, the Regency Council turned to Marshal Pilsudski. The German garrison in Warsaw chose to evacuate by train. The Allies recognized the new Polish state set up by Pilsudski. At Versilles the Poles demanded the boundaries of Poland before the 18th century partitions. The boundaries of the new Polish nation were only established by diplomacy and military engagements (1919-21). This included the war with the Bolsheviks (1919-21). Inter-war Poland included a German minority in the west and eastern areas where Lithuanians, White Russians, and Ukranians outnimbered Poles. Poland was devastated by the War. It is believed that about 1 million Poles died during the War. The Poles had to create the institutions of an independent state. President Wilson in his 14 Points promoted national self determination. The Allies in the Treaty of Versailles transfer western Prussia to Poland and a cirridor across land with German populations to the Baltic Sea--the Polish corridor. , thus getting access to the Baltic Sea. There is no way the Allies can determine the eastern border. This is determined by the Polish-Soviet War (1919-20). Marshal Pilsudski's army defeats the Boshevicks and gains control western Ukraine and Belarus under the Treaty of Riga (1923). Poland also seizes Vilnus from Lithuania. This meant that the new Polish state controlled large areas with non-Polish populations. Polish democracy does not last long. Pilsudski estanlishes a dictatorship (1926). The dictatorship continues until his death (1935). It is then maintained by Colonel's Clique. Economic conditions imprives and the country's cultural life flourishes. Poland signs nonagression pacts with both Germany and the Soviet Union (1930s).
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