Figure 1.--The first photograph is undated, but looks to have been taken in the 1930s. The schools was a wood frame building. It is interesting because it seems to have been a bilingual school German , a German Volksschule and a Polish Szkola Powszechna). We do not know how common this was. Neither the Russians or the Germans permitted bi-lingual schools when they controlled Poland. Presumably the village had a substantial ethnic German population.

Kamienica Górna is a village in what is now southeastern Poland. It is part of the administrative district of Gmina Brzostek, within Dębica County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is located about 6 kilometres east of Brzostek. We have photographs taken at the primary school both before and after World War II. The first photograph looks to have been taken in the 1930s. It is interesting because it seems to have been a bilingual school German , a German Volksschule and a Polish Szkola Powszechna). We do not know how common this was. Neither the Russians or the Germans permitted bilengual schools when they controlled Poland. Presumably the village had a substantial ethnic German population. The existence of a bileigual school suggests friendly relations between the two communities. We are not sure what happened at the school during the German World War II occupation (1939-44). Kamienica Górna was located in the Government General. We suspect that the Polish children were expelled and the school was operated as a German Volksshule, but we do not have any actual information. Nor do we know to what extent the Germans in Kamienica Górna cooperated with the NAZIs which were not only perceuting Jews, buth Christisn Poles as well. The children in the 1946 photograph would have been all Poles. Most oi the Germans in Poland left as the Wehrmacht retreated (1944). Thoise that did not weere expelled by Polish authorities after the War.

The Village

Kamienica Górna is a village in what is now southeastern Poland. It is part of the administrative district of Gmina Brzostek, within Dębica County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is located about 6 kilometres east of Brzostek.

The School

We have photographs taken at the Kamienica Górna primary school both before and after World War II.

Inter-War Poland (1930s)

The first photograph is undated, but looks to have been taken in the 1930s. The schools was a wood frame building. It is interesting because it seems to have been a bilingual school German , a German Volksschule and a Polish Szkola Powszechna). We do not know how common this was. Neither the Russians or the Germans permitted bi-lingual schools when they controlled Poland. Presumably the village had a substantial ethnic German population. The existence of a bi-lingual school suggests friendly relations between the two communities. The boys wear suits with both short pants and long pants. While city children commonly wore short pants, we notice many boys in rural areas wearing long pants. Social class seems to have been a factor here. The girls as far as we can see wear dresses. All of the children are barefoot.

German World War II occupation (1939-44)

We are not sure what happened at the school during the German World War II occupation (1939-44). Kamienica Górna was located in the Government General. We suspect that the Polish children were expelled and the school was operated as a German Volksshule, but we do not have any actual information. Nor do we know to what extent the Germans in Kamienica Górna cooperated with the NAZIs who were not only persecuting Jews, but Christisn Poles as well.

Post-War Poland (1946)

We see the same school in the back round in 1946 after the War. The children in the 1946 photograph, however, would have been all Poles. Most of the Germans in Poland left as the Wehrmacht retreated (1944). Thoise that did not weere expelled by Polish authorities after the War. The boys are wearing both suits and shirts or sweaters. They are mostly wearing long pants. A few boys wear short pants. The girls wear blouses and skirts and dresses. Many of the children are barefoot.

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Created: 3:00 AM 8/25/2009
Last updated: 3:00 AM 8/25/2009