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The state system in England and Wales is essentiall bthe same. There are, however, difference with the schools in Northern Irelabd abd Scotl The state schools are primarily run by local authoriies. The national Government provides funding and curiculum and ither guidelines. There were all kinds of different types of schools, but the government played a limited role until the 19th century. And even in the 19th century did not move to establish a major national systen until late (1870s). Both America and the Germans had begun buillding state education systems much earlier. That was a primary system. And tge English primary system was fully functioijing by the turn-of-the 20th century and educated children to about 13-14 years of age. The secondary systemm was more limited. It basically was for middle-class children. Few working-class children attended secondatuy school until after World War II. The English began with a tripartate state system. This included 1) selective grammar schools, 2) secondary moderns for the less talented acamically, and 3) technicl schools. The third leg of tripsatrte system never got off the ground. It was far more expensive to equip one of these technical schoolyssm a grammsr or secondary modern school. Academic paths were determined by the 11-Plus exam taken at age 11 which the children were still in primary school. It was not an intelligence test and social class factors regustered. Which is why so few working-class children enbtered the grammar vschools. The Conservatives began to plan the expansion of the secondary system at the end of World War II which was carried out after the War by a Labour Government. Some in the Labour Party wanted to close private schools, but they decided against that, thinking that they could create a state system so excellent (as was the case in Germany) that no one would want to the send their children to a private school. They had the votes to do whtever they wanted in 1945. They decided, however, not to eliminate the private schools. This they failed to pursue, but they did open up education to British children of all classes. Gradually England moved toward cokprehensive secindry schools. Some grammar schools still exiust. These include schools which retained the old name, but there still are selective grammar schools. Call of this is determined by the local authorities. Currently all boys and girls must attend full-time school until the age of 16 years. The Government introduced a National Curriculum (1988). This provides a framework for education between the ages of 5-18 years. All state schools are required to adopt it.
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