Figure 1.--This photograph shows Montenegian boys wearing standard styles during the early-20th century. The photograph was taken about 1916 during the Central Powers occupation of Montenegro.

Montenegro is a small Balkan country at the southern end of the Dinaric Alps with a Adriatic coast separating Bosnia and Kosovo. We have very limited information on Montenegro. But do have a World War I page. The population is basically ethnic Serbs and its history is strongly associated with Serbia. Except for a narrow Adriatic coast, the terrain is primarily rugged mountains where medieval villages can still be found. The Bay of Kotor is an important coastal feature, rather like a Norwegian fjord, but in warm waters. Here picturesque churches and fortified towns such as Kotor and Herceg Novi can be found. Inland is Durmitor National Park with native wildlife including bears and wolves, and scenery including limestone peaks, glacial lakes and the 1,300m-deep Tara River Canyon. The country's administrative capital is Podgorica, but its historic capital and cultural center is Cetinje. Some Montenegrians see themselves as Serbs although a strong sense of self identity has developed. The two countries were divided from Serbia during the Ottoman era. Albanians became increasingly present in the Kosovo region separating Serbia and Montenegro. Serbians began referring to Montenegrians as 'mountain Serbs'. After World War I it became a part of Yugoslavia after the dissolution of Yugoslavia it has been generally associated with Serbia. Montenegro unlike other parts of Yugoslavia did not have strong local nationalist sentiment. For the most part, Montenegons identified with the Serbs. Montenegran authorities as Yugoslavia broke up supported Milošević's war-effort. Montenegro during the 1991–95 Bosnian and Croatian Wars (1992-95), Montenegro committed its police and military forces to attacks on Dubrovnik, Croatia, supporting Serb fore. Montenegro mobilized its reservists who and fought on the Dubrovnik front. Prime Minister Milo Đukanović frequently visited Montenegran units involved in the fighting. Montenegro following a refeendum to join Serbia in the new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY)-- a euphonism for Greater Serbia (April 1992). Monetenegro also supported Serb attacks on Bosnian towns. These actions were aimed at acquiring more territory as part of an effort to build Geater Serbia. There was a clear pattern of systematic violations of human rights that had become the norm in the rest of Europe. Montenegrin General Pavle Strugar has been convicted for his role in bombing Dubrovnik. Montenegram authorities arrested Bosnian refugees and transported them to to Serb camps in Foča. Here they suffered mistreatmenbt, torture, and execution of the men and older boys. The United Nations imposed an embargo on the FRY (May 1992). This severely affected the Montenegro economy which began to become a hub for governmrnt-supported smuggling. Montenegrins voted for independence (2006). Within the European Union umbrella, it is possible for small countries to be independent.

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Last updated: 3:51 PM 8/17/2025