Figure 1.--This is a street scene in St. George, Bermuda's main port. with Black children in the foreground. This cabinet card portait looks to have been taken in the 1870s. The photogroher was WGC Kimball from Concord, New Hampsgire who was marketing a series of over a hundred photographs, suggesting that Bermuda was beginning tyo emerge as a tourist location. This was scene No. 56.

There are two major ethnic groups on Bermuda, Blacks and Whites. The Bermuda population is more than half Black--some 55 percent, primrily the descendent of former African slaves, some comimg dirctly and ome through the West Indies. There were a small number of enslaved Caribbean Amer-Indians. Over 30 percent is whsite, primarily of British. extraction. Most of the rest is mixed race mulattos. The ethnic history is different than that of the Caribbean because the climate and agricultural capacity did not support sugar plantations. The English settlers did import Africans as well as indentured servants. The absence of plantation agriculture, however, meant that slavery was never as harsh or as extensive as in the Caribbean. Much of the rest of the population is of English and Scotts-Irish ancestry--many brought to Bermuda as convicts or endentured servants. There are also small numbers of people of other races. The population has various origins in Britain (16 percebt), West Indian (15 rercent), Portuguese (9 percent), American (7 percent), and Canadian (5 percent). There was a healthy trade with the British West Indies. The Portunuese began arriving from the Azores (1840s) and became an imprtant in fazrming and mannual labor. We suspect fishing was a factor. Many of the Americns and Cansadins are retirees.

Created: 6:45 PM 1/4/2022br> Last updated: 6:45 PM 1/4/2022