World War II: German Invasion of Poland--Anti-Polish Propganda (August 1939)


Figure 1.--This is the kind of material that Germans began seeing in their newspapers just before Hitler launched the invasion of Poland. The reports depicted ethnic Germans being abused by the Poles. The people seen here were described as ethnic German refugees fleeing from Poland. They are being cared for at a feeding center in Essen, a city in western Germany. The press caption from an American newspaper read, "Germans Reported Fleeing Poland: Children, said to be among the 80,000 Germans forced to fleet Poland because of 'repressive' measures adopoted by Polish authorities, beiung fed at an emnergency statiuon in Essen, Germany. The Nazi authoirities sat that tghese thousands were fiorced to quit their homes in Polanbd to seek safety in the 'Fatherland'." The article appeared August 28, 1939, some 3 days before Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland.

The NAZIs aware that a large part of the German people did not want another world war, decided to mount a propaganda campaign to put he onus of the war on Poland. The tone of the German media and the number of anti-Polish articles suddenly changed. The same had occurred concerning Czechoslovakia before the Munich Crisis. We are not sure precisely when this change occurred, but it was in full sing by August. Propaganda Minister Goebbels began promiently featuring articles reporting Polish mistreatment of ethnic Germans. Poland had a German minority, especially in western areas of the country, including areas of the Polish Corridor and other areas that had been part of Germany before World War I. The NAZIs formed Selbstschutz units to create incidents. There were some attacks on Germans, but mostly AFTER the Germans invaded Poland (September 1). Finally the SS staged a Polish attack that could be used to justify the invasion (August 31). SS men dresssed concentration camp inmates in Polish uniforms to 'attack. the German radio station at Gliewitz along the Polishh border. The SS selected concentration camp prisioners and outfited them in Polish uniforms before shooting them. The bodies were used as evidence of the Polish attack in German newsreels. Goebbels prominenbtly featured the incident and claimed that Germany had been attacked. We are unsure just how many Germans actually believed the German press accounts, but manybapparently did.







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Created: 11:33 AM 7/20/2018
Last updated: 11:33 AM 7/20/2018