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Most German children walked to school. Germany rapidly industrialized beginning in the mid-19th century and by the 20th century was an industrial powerhouse. As a result. the population rapidly urbanized. The primary children thus lived close to their schools and walked to school. The working-class largely lived in apartments and with a high density population schools could easily built within walking distance. There were also middle-class suburbs, but we believe most middle-class children also walked to school. We are less sure about secondary school students. A relatively small number of children continued on to secondary school until after World War II (1939-45). This meant that the students often lived some distance from their schools, beyond walking distance. We think many students took public transport. Some may have also used bicycles. This was a middleclass option as few working-class childen had bicycles, but few working-class children atended secondary school. Very few children were driven to school. Automobile ownership was not widespread in Germany, ironically until after World War II. There was also a sizeable rural popultion. German industry was highly concetrated in western Germany--the Ruhr Valley in particular was heavily industrialized.
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