Figure 1.--We see a class during the (1954–55 school year). It was taken in Carbonia along the extreme southern coast of Sardinia. Unlike many cities in Italy which are of ancient origin, Carbonia is of very modern origin--perhaps the most modern city in Italy. The class was a 2nd grade group. It is a large class with 37 students, including one girl (in the back row on the right). We are not sure why a girl is at a boys' school. Perhaps her parents were one of the teachers. At least two pupils are at school barefoot. Some children appear older than the others. out of place in the 2nd grade. At the time, it was not uncommon for children who did not do well in school and lacked family support to be held back, sometimes multiple times. Italian school regulations established dark blue smocks a kind of school uniform. Most of the boy wear the smocks with he white collars and small bows. Notice how the boys with mocks are carefully placed at the front. But apparently the smock rule was not strictly enforced, quite a few boys are not wearing them.

We see a class during the (1954–55 school year). It was taken in Carbonia along the extreme southern coast of Sardinia. Unlike many cities in Italy which are of ancient origin, Carbonia is of very modern origin--perhaps the most modern city in Italy. Mussolini personally founded the town to take advantage of coal deposits in the area (1938). Carbon is the Italian world for coal. Only about 4,000 people lived in the area before Carbonia was founded. The population rapidly increased, reaching 45,000 people (1951). We suspect that a city that size would have about two boys' state primaries and two girls' state primaries. The school in he background looks very modern. There may have also been a Catholic primary. The class was a 2nd grade group. It is a large class with 37 students, including one girl (in the back row on the right). We are not sure why a girl is at a boys' school. Perhaps her parents were one of the teachers. At least two pupils are at school barefoot. Some children appear older than the others. out of place in the 2nd grade. At the time, it was not uncommon for children who did not do well in school and lacked family support to be held back, sometimes multiple times. Italian school regulations established dark blue smocks a kind of school uniform. Most of the boy wear the smocks with he white collars and small bows. Notice how the boys with mocks are carefully placed at the front. But apparently the smock rule was not strictly enforced, quite a few boys are not wearing them. And they look to be he older boys. The smocks look similar, but for some reason vary in length.

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Created: 3:09 PM 6/27/2026
Last updated: 3:09 PM 6/27/2026