Figure 1.--Juku students are fully comitted to learning. They attend the jukus after school. Even so notice how attentive they are. And when they get home they still have homework to do. They likev Wold War II kamikazee pilots wearv headbands. They read, 'struggle to pass'. The ultimate prize is entry to Tokyo University or other top school, virtually guaranteeing a job with an important corporation or government agency.

There seem to be two major approaches. Some jukus may have facilities for both. One source reports small soundproof cubicles. Each has a young teacher helping high school student cram for college entrance exams. [Pettersen] The other approach is to have fast paced lectures by experiencd teachers. Some of these lectures may be to groups as large as 500 students. One author describes the students' energetic commitment to learning. "During Akiyama's rapid-paced instruction, students hang on his every word, but never ask questions. Some in the back use opera glasses to get a clear view of the chalkboard. In an effort to please backbenchers, Akiyama has learned to write words 10 to 12 inches high. Before erasing a full board, he pauses and briefly steps aside so that students, in surreal parody of themselves, jump up to photograph the contents before his wisdom becomes chalkdust." [Pettersen] The jukus have been changing in recent years. Traditional methos are still used, but new appraoches, esprcially individual tutoring has become more important. This shift is in part the resukt of Japan's aging population and declining birthrate. There are fewer students every year which of course adversely affects the schools.

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Created: 3:07 PM 1/9/2014
Last updated: 3:07 PM 1/9/2014