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We hope to add information about individual Russian schools here. At this time we have very little information. We have found some school images, but often the school is not named. Hopefully our Russian readers will provide us some information about their schools. This is a valuable section in our effort to better understand Russian education. Here we are including both Russian schools and during the Tsarist and Soviet eras not only Russian, but schools in other prts of the vast Tsarist and Soviet empires.
A reader found an image of what he believes to be the Aptek School. He thinks it may be the Artex School because the Russian P and R or similar. Artex is a well known Young Pioneer camp in the Crimea. The children here are not campers. Perhaps there was a school for the children of the adult staff. We are not sure. The photograph we have was taken in 1981. It looks to be a first year or even a kindergarten class. The children wear their regukar clothes rather than a school uniform. The boys wear short pants and the firls dresses. There is arange of hosiery, including ankle sock, knee socks and tights. Seceral of the girls have hair bows which were common in Soviet-era schools.
Here we see an interesting historical photo of the third grade in a
school for German and Austrian imigrants to Russia located on "Kropotkin-Strasse" (Kropotkin Street) in Moscow. This was not an internation school in the sence of we think of it today. Rather it was for the children of German speaking Communuists that had managed to escape from NAZI Germany. The Anchluss in Austria had not yet occurred when this photograph was taken, but would occur 2 years later meaning that ustrian Communists would have to try to escape. Notice the red scarves the children wear, a clear indication that they are Communists. This school would prove a very valuable for future officials in the East German satellite government after World War II. I believe there were similar schools where other Eastern European (Bukgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia) children were educated, but do not have complete details at this time. The photograph here was taken in 1936. The school was named after Karl Leibknecht, a German convert to Soviet politics. Someone has written across the photo in white ink, identifying the school and the class level photographed. The children are about 8 to 9 years old. Notice that they wear a variety of clothing. Some boys wear long trousers (notice the boy in the back row at the extreme right who wears a white shirt with rolled up sleeves and a scarf, possibly of the Young Pioneers, although it looks too dark to be bright red). A few other students also wear the same scarf, some tying it and other wearing it passed through a metal ring or slide. Possibly it was the school scarf that many are wearing. One boy sitting in the front row wears a sailor suit with short pants. Two boys sitting near him wear short pants with long dark stockings. None of the boys wears a conventional tie which, in most cases, the dark neckerchief replaces. This was the school attended by the well-known film director Konrad Wolf whose family emigrated to the Soviet Union after the NAZIs seized power (19330. Wolf later attended the Moscow Film School where he studied directing.
This is an unidentified Moscow primary class in 1934. Some of the boys seem to be wearing smocks. We are not sure how common that was in Russia. One boy in the front row is wearing a sailor suit. Most of the boys seem to be in short trousers and long stockings. The children seem to be quite middle-class if that is not a misnomer in Soviet society in the 1930s.
This photograph was taken in 1972 in Dushanbe. At the time, Tajikistan ws still part of the Soviet Union. It shows a 4th grade school class. Many children are wearing white shirts. We also believe that they were wearing blue shorts/skirts, but this is difficult to tell. As far as we ca tell, the boys and girls are wearing the same shirts. This apparently was the school uniform. Note that a few children wear shirts with epauettes and a shoulder pathch. I'm not sure if this was the school uniform or Young Pioneer uniform. If it is the school uniform, we are not sure why so few children are wearing them. The uniform does not seem to be required, but most children are wearing it. I'm unsure to what extent the children were required to wear the uniform. Note that many children are wearing young pioneer scarves. I'm not sure why only some of the children are wearing the scarves. This may be an age matter. Perhaps they were not yet old enough to join the Pioneers. There were no strict rules about the uniform. It seems that only white shirt and red neckerchief are mandatory. There are no rules about hosiery and footwear. Here many children wear sandals without socks.
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