Figure 1.--This photo was taken in Port Sudan during some inauguration celebration of the new docks (1909). Port Sudan was an entirely+ new port on the Red Sea. It was built by the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan administration during 1905-09. It replaced Suakin—the historic, coral-choked Arab port. The photo shows people from different cultures coming together, some wearing traditional Muslim clothing, someone wearing Otomanan fezes, and others in tribal attire.

Sudan is essentially ancient Nubia or Kush, although the borders of Nubia are ill defined. The Sudanese are descendants of the ancient Nubians, While thg actual extent of Nubia is ill defined, the heartland was the first cataract of the Nile (south of Aswan in southern Egypt) south he confluence of the Blue and White Niles at Khartoum. At times the Nubians moved north and the Egyptians to the south. Usually the Egyptians were dominant. But there is one dynasty in which the Nubians conquered Egypt -- the 25rd Dynasty (712-663 BC). The Nile is only African River penetrating the Sahara meaning Sub-Saharan Africans mingled with the Mediterranean population. The majority of the Sudanese population are the indigenous Nubian inhabitants of the Nile Valley. Egyptian tomb paintings depict these Nubians as black, distinctly different than the Egyptian population. Modern Sudanese considered themselves to be Arabs (70 percent). There are also minority African ethnic groups, including the Beja, Fur, Nuba, Fallata, amnd a lsarge number of small tribes. Sudanese Arabs in the north and east include the admixture of migrants from the Arabian Peninsula. Thus the modern Sudanese population differs somewhat from the Sub-Saharan look depicted in Egyptians art. A reader has provided us some information about the Dinka people who live in the southern Sudan along both sides of the White Nile. They are now mostly part of Southern Sudan which succeeded.

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Created: 3:11 AM 11/23/2025
Last updated: 3:11 AM 11/23/2025