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School portraits in the 1890s became very common photogrphy improved and became incerasingly affordable. The idea of an annual school portrait was clearing becoming an excepted tradition. We see class portraits from all over the country, includuing one-room schools on the rapidly shrinking western frontier. We see boys commonly wearing suits to school, even in country schools, although there boys in warm weather commonly just wore blouses and knee pants. Many boys wore straight-leg knee pants. Knickers were not very common, but we see them at some private schools. The type of pants did vary. We see boys at some schools wearing long pants. We are not entirely sure why there were such variations. Age of course was a factor. Boys and girls commonly wore long stockings. Black long stokings were especially common. Many younger boys wore blouses with large collars, sometimes ruffled Fauntleroy collars. We also see sailor suits, especially in urban schools. Girls wore dresses, often with pinafores. Many children came to school barefoot, especially in rural areas.
At first we only see occassional school portraits, mostly class or small groupsuually not identified. Gradually the school portait became an established school tradition. We see studios by the 1880s specializing in school portraits. This generally meant a large school portrait amd individual class portits. We do not see separate individual portaits until the 20th century. Here we have a potrait of a studio specializing in school portraits. The namne of the school is not provided, only a title -- Happy School Days. And we know it was located in San Framcisco, California. It looks like a public primary school. There is a substantial brick building. The class looks to a 6th grade class, 11-12 year olds. The boys display their violins and baseball bats. The girls hold their dolls. We can not make out a lot of detail. The girls wear dresses. he boys wear knee pants suits and long stockings. One boy wears a long pants suit, but we can only see the front row clearly. We do not see any Fauntleroy touches. This was very common uin the 1890s.
This is an albumen cabinet card of the Bank Grammar School. Grammar school is the Americam term for a primary school. Unfortunately we don't know where it was located except for some place in the North. We see 40 school children, photographed outside on the steps of their brick school house. We see both younger and older children, but there seem to be a lot more older children. This also is unusual. Their lady school teacher is photographed with them. We even know her name--Annie D. Price. The class is made up of both boys and girls. Unusually the older boys are placed in front. The boy where suits with both knee pants and long pants. There is a single African American boy in the front row. About half of the children are identified on the back of the photograph in feint pencil, and the other half are unidentified. The photograph is marked "___der Bank Grammer School" (the first few letters of this word are unidentified, because they are broken off along with the corner of the cardboard of the matte). Furthermore, the photograph is marked 'Annie D. Price, Teacher' and 'about 1890'. This dare to us seems reasonable. The photographer is unidntified. The photograph: 8 1/4" Wide x 5 3/8" high. Cardboard matte: 10" wide x 7 7/8" high.
Here we see an unidentified American primary school class. We have no infirmatioin sbout the class except that it was Room 1 on October 20, 1891. This was at the beginning of the school year. We at first thought that this meant first grade or 6-year olds, but some of the children are notably younger than 6-year olds beginning school. So we are not sure just what grasde this was. Perhaps it was kindergasrtners allowing some youngrr children. But this is rather surpriding. Most of the relatively small number of Kindergartens were in city schools. And this school seems more like a small town in a rural area. The absence of Fauntleroy items suggests the school was not in a fashionble area. The boys mostly wear suit jackets, but several boys wear blouses, mostly with modest bows. The girls wear dresses, several with pinafores. The pinafores are often all white, but here ionly one child hs whjite pinafiore. We see colored nd pfrint pinafores. Some if the childrens wearing pinafires look like girls, but we suspect these are girls with short hair. Young children often look very similar. All the children wear ling stockings, probably black long stockings.
This school was located in Kern City, California. We do not know if it had a specific name or was just called the Kern City School. We have a single portrait from 1891. The portrait seems to show more than a single class, but not the older children that would have attended a primary school at the time. The children wear quite a large range of garments, providing a good view popular fashion in the 1890s. The many different garments and even hair styles here is particularly interesting.
This cabinet card portrait was taken at Boys' High School. It is a cabinet card portrait without any studio information. So we don't know where the school was located. We suspect it was some place in the northeast where there were some single gender public high schools. It may be Boys High School in the Bedford�Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. It appears to be best lknown such school. Boy schools seem more common than girl schools. Most American high schools were coed, but there wer a few single gender schools which was the general pattern in Europe at the time. The portrait we have is the 1891 graduating class. The boys all wear suits, many with bowler hats. One boy has a boater. We see lots of vests. There are ties with big knots, but other varied neckwar.. Almost all of the boys we see wear long pants suits. There is one younger boy wearing knee pants and long stockings. We are guessing he is a prodigy that skipped a couple years.
Here we have a a school in Downers Grove. Illinois. Downers Grove is a Chicago suburb. It was a red brick school, but we are unsure just how lsrge it was. You can see the building in the background of a 1892 photograph. It may have been called the Downers Grove School. We are not sure about this. It surely must be a state elmentary (primary school). It was an integrated school. There are three black children who seem a little isolated. It clearly is not a single class. The children look different ages, but there are few younger children so this must not have been all the children at the school. The children pictured here look moistly abouut 10-13 years old. There was a man and lady teacher. The girls wear dresses and pinafores. The boys mostly wear suits with knee pants. We only see one boy wearing long pants, although we are not sure about the boys in the back. The boys wearing knee pants all seem to be wearing black long stockings. One younger boy wears a blouse with a large collar and floppy bow.
The George Putnam School in Boston had photographs taken of their students hard at work in their classes. Most school photography of the day consisted of a photogtraph of the children in front of their school. We also begin to see separate classes, alsomuusally posed outside. We do see a few photograph of the children in their classrooms. The George Putnm provides some particularly good classroom images taken in 1892. The children are shown ebgaged in classroom activities. We see the children studying butterflies. The children are well dressed. We vsee the girls wearing long dresses, some with pinafores. The boys wear blouses often with bows and knee pants. The phitos we have were taken in June. The boys during cooler months wore their suit jackets.
We are sure about the name of this school. We know where it was located, but not its name. We are guessing it might be called the Sumner Highway School. It is a wonderful photograph of a sod schoolhouse in Nebraska. The Frontier officially clsed in the 1890s. There were stiil, however, many in the Plains states still living in sod houses. Note the complete absence of trees, explsaining why they had to use sod. This is a great example of a one-room sod house. It was located in Marquiss district, 5 miles southeast of Broken Bow, Custer County on the Sumner highway. The photograph was taken in 1892. The teacher was 16-year-old Hiva Miller. The school had 14 children and they provide a detailed view of how rural children dressed. The boys wear different types of caps. They wear suits, mostly with long pants. The girls wear dresses and skirts.
This large format (8x10 in) cabinet card shows Toughkenamon School about 1892. That was the date on the back, but was estimted some time after the photograph was taken. It may have been taken a couple of years later, but was definitely taken in the 1890s. You can tell by the shoulder puff sleeves on the dresses. Toughkenamon was a small town in southeastern Pennsylvania. It was founded in the late-17th century and conflict with the Lenape native people was a foretaste of what was to come. The town never was very large and we suspect this was a portrait of the entire school. This was an outdoors photograph, but we don't get to see the school. It would have been a one or two room building. There seem to be more girls thn boys which was no unusual in farming communities, the boys were neeed on the farm. On the right side of the photograph, you can see a little black boy. We are not sure he was a student as he looks quite young. The girls all wear fashinable dresses, some wiyh pinafores. We don't see hairbows. We do see a few what looks like tams. Notice they are worn at the same flat angle. The boys all wear knee pants suits with long stockings with different collars and neckwear.
This portrait shows a class of boys at an unidentified Louisville, Kentucky school during 1892. The school is not listed but the caption reads only, "Souvenir of our school". The school is presumably a boys' school. We are not sure if it is a private or public school. The boys all wear suits, mostly knee pants with long stockings. A few boys wear long pants, but they tend to be not as well dressed as the boys wearing knee pants. Many of the boys wear fashionable detachable collars and floppy bows. They do not have their caps. The boys look to be about 10-11 years old. The schools looks to be a substantial brick building.
We have found a cabinet card portrait of a class at the Wesley Boys' School. Unfortunately the cabinet card has been trimmed, presumably to fit into a photographic album. Thus we do not know where the school was located. Given the name of the school, we would guess the school is a private school supported by the Methodist Church. It was likely located somewhere in the northeast. We do know that the portrait was taken June 15, 1893 at the end of the school year. The black board indicates that it was Group IV. If that meant grade 4, the boys would have been bout 10-11 years old. The photographer's name and location have been cropped off, probably to fit into the old photo album. Most of the boys wear Eton collars, knee pants suits, and long stockings. Many boys also wear sailor suits. One boy wears a long pants suit, but he probanly was not a member of the class.
We do not know the name of this school. We do know that it was a public school in Washington, D.C. The image we have shows some of the chilkdren participating in a dance or posture lesson during 1893. They look like the older children at a primary school. The image is interesting because it shows the inside of the classroom. I attended D.C. public scohools in the late 1940s abd early 50s and this is just how our school looked, although our desks were a little more updated.
The Sand Run School was a rural school in Boone County, Kentucky. Boone Country was of course named after Daniel Boone who helped found Kentucky. The portrait we have dates from 1893. The yonger boys are all barefoot. Several wear fancy blouses with large collars. They were very fashionable at the time. Notice that they were made with different colors and patterns ad not white. Mail order catalogs are full of these blouses. One boy wears his blouse with a floppy bow. Notice how the photographer has blaced the boys with fancy blouses front and center. Also notice the range of heawear the boys are wearing. The girls wear dresses, one girl with a checked pinafore. Several girls have fashionable ballon sleeves.
The Lawrenceville School is a famous eastern prep school in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, with quite a long tradition behind it. The school was founded in 1810 as the Maidenhead Academy and after various vicissitudes refounded in 1883 with its present name. HBC does mot yet have a page on the school, but we do have a page on a TV seies based on the school. "The Lawrenceville Stories" (1986). Earlier a film, "The Happy Years" (1950) was made with Dean Stockwell.
Unfortunately we don't know much about this school. All we know for sure is that it was a Catholic school, commonly called a parochial school in the United States. There is no location or date available. We think it may be a California school, but we are not at all positive. The only hint from the photograph as to location is the wood plank construction of the school. Dating is a little easier because we can estimate it from the children's clothes. The boys wearing Fauntleroy outfits with ruffled collars is a good indicator of the 1890s or early 1900s. We believe that this portrait was taken in the 1890s, although the early 1900s is possible. We know it was a Catholic school because of the emblem on the wall and the nun in the portrait.
Here we see a group in front of their sizeable school building. We have no information as to where the photograph was taken, but as it must have been in the North as it was an integrated class. Notice that there is only one black child. Until the World war I era, blacks largely lived in the rural south. The childreall look to be about the same age. We would guess about 11 years old. This means that this was only one class at the school, confirming that it wa a sizeable school. It is undated, but the estimate of the dealer is 1890s. That seems reasonable, but we might guess the early-90s or even late-80s. The children wear a variety of clothes, Many of the boys wear suits, but the jacket styles varied. Collar-buttoning jackets were popular, but we also see lapel jackets. Several boys wear blouses without jackets. Two of the boys have floppy bows, one rather large. The boys all wear long stockings, they look to be different colors. The girls all wear dressess done in many different styles. Several girls have white collars whoch look to be lace collars. Ruffles on the skirt seems stylish. The girls like the boys also wear long stockings, although one girl seems to have striped knee socks. Several girls have their hair pulled back so if we can not see a dress. It is hard to tell the boys from girls.
This cabinet card portrait shows a young woman and 11 well dressed boys. The boys all wear suits, a variery of styles aling with varied neckwear an collars. All the boys at the front wear knee pants and long black stockings. There is no writing on the back we are left to guess who the woman and boys are. We believe they are a either a private school group are a group the woman is tutoring. The boys look to be about 8-11 years old, suggesting that it is not a formal school group. Sunday school is a possibility, but then we think the boys woulkd have Bibles. The mount and boys clothes suggest the 1890sto us, although we woul have thought there might have been more Fauntleroy touches. That might suggest the early-80s, but we think that black long stockings were not as standard then. The studio was Wing Taber in Auburn, New York.
This Lincoln School was founded (1866) after the Civil War. West Virginia was part of Virgina, but separated during the War and supported the Federal Government. Even so, after the War as they established a public school system, they segregated black and white children. The Lincoln Lincoln School was the African-American segregated school of Ohio County. Here we have a school portrait taken of a class and their teacher. The source suggest it was tajken in the 1880s. And the lack Fauntleroy paraphenalia might suggest the erly 18890s. The teacher's dress styles, epecially the destinctive puffed sleeves is a good indicator of the 1890s as are the knee-length knee pats. The length of the knee pabts, however, sucggets the portrit coukd have been taken in the 90s. Most of the boys wear suits. The girls wear long dresses, several have pinafores. The children look to be about 10 years old which would mean 5th grade. The school remained segregated until the Supreme Court ruled segregated schools unconstituional (1954).
he kepis worn by Federal and Confederate troops wee essentially the same, only in different colors. Grey or beechnut for the Confederates and blue for the Federals. We do occassionlly see one najor stylistic variation. Some kepis were done with much higher bodies than the standard kepi. This left the flat topat a greater angle than the sandard kepi. These elongated kepis were not commonly worn by boys, but we have seen a few examples.
HBC has one image from the 1985 Grafton "farm school". The children lokk to be about the same age, 8-9 years. So they appear to be one class from a larger schoool. Children that age would be in the 3rd or 4th grade. The boys here have their hats which is relatively wear in these portraits.
The school in this cabinet card here is unidentified, but we believe was located in Prague, Nebraska. Notice the very youthful teacher. The children here are a group of about 20 children who look about the same age, perhaps 10-11 years old. This means there were probably a class group and a hundred or more children at the school. That and the building at the background means that it was not a rural one or two room school, but a school in the town. And as the photographer, F.H. Svoboda, was located in Prague, Nebraska, we assume that was where the school was located. It thus was probably callecd the Prague School. The photographer's name and the name of the school suggests that there were a number of Czech immigrants in the town. It is a very small town in eastern, Nebraska. The towns claim to fame is, kolache, a popular Czech/Slovak pastry. The portrait was probably taken about 1895 based on the style of the children's clothes and the cabinet mount style. Some boys wear suits while others just shorts and blouses. Many of the boys wear long pants. We see both suspenders and button-on outfits. In the city knee pants wre more common, but long pants persisted longer in rural areas. A few of the children are barefoot, the rest wear black long stockings. The fact that many of the children may have been Czech immigrants children. The girls wear colorful dresses, one with a touch of sailor styling.
This fascinating school portrait shows the teacher and children in front of sod schoolhouse. We know that there were many sod houses made on homesteads. We are less sure how common sod schools were. We do not know the name of the school, or even if the school had a name. We are not real sure about the naming conventions of these small rural shools. We suspect they were often reffered to by the name of the local community where they were located. We do know that the school was in Woods County, Oklahoma Territory and the photograph taken about 1895. Some of tghe boys wear blouses with large collars and many other wear suit jackets. One older boy wears a vest. There seems to beca mixture of knee pants and long pants. Many of the boys are barefoot. We note one boy wearing suspenders. Another boy seems to be wearing suspender pants. The girls wear dresses, but only one wears a pinafore over it.
We do not know much about Miss Porter's School other than it was located in Middleton, New York. We believe the school portrait was taken about 1895. It looks to be a small coed secondary school run in a private house.
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We do no know a lot about the Broadview School. We have a 1896 portrait taken in front of the school. It appears to have been a typical small rural school. It was located in Maury County, Tennessee. The boys wear blouses and knee pants. And in warmer weather they come to school bsrefoot. Notice none of the boys wear overalls. The girls wear dresses.
Many boys at this Illinois school, in 1896 wear ruffled collars. Some boys appear to be wearing formal Fauntleroy suits. Other boys are dressed cassually. We are not sure if the fashions worn are the normal outfits or if some mothers dressed the boys up for their class portrait. I'm not sure what class this was, perhaps the 2nd or 3rd grade. Notice the girls wearing pinafores.
There seem to be more schools name after Presidnt Lincoln than any other other American, president or otherwise. And this is a name that the PC crowd is unlikely to want to change, although we notice a arnge of wholly invalid criticisms. Unfortunately, we do no know where this particular Lincoln School was located, other than it was somewhere in the North. For a century, Lincoln was a hated name in the South. We do know that the cabinet card portrait was taken in 1896. This Lincoln School seems go be a small country school. We do not see the school, only the the students and teacher. They seem to be the older students. As was fairly common in the country, many of the boys wear long pants at a time that knee pants were fairly standard for boys in cities. Also intersting is the number of boys who had bikes. This as an indication of the affluence that America was achieving. You would not have seen that at a comparable European school.
We do not know the name of this school or where it was located. We do know the photograph was taken in 1896. And because almost all of the boys are just wearing blouses, it would have been at the beginning of the school year (September) or the end of the year (June) when the weather was warm. Thet look to be the yonger children at the school. The placard the boys are holding just reads 'Primary Grade 1896' which suggests it was not a real large school. You can see the brick building in the background. A lot of the boys have very short hair cuts. The boys' blouses are mostly white, but we see some stripped and pattern blouses and one dark blouse. We also see a variety of collars. We see a lot of very large collars, including fancy ruffled Fauntleroy collars. Many of the boys have large floppy bows. They all seem to be wearing knee pants, some with long stockings and shoes, some are barefoot. The girls all wear dresses, The dresses varied quite a bit, but the pinafores most of the girls are wearing are mostly white. One girl wears her straw hat with decorations.
The names of American primary schools are confusing they are called elemenatary, grade, and gramamr schools, but they all mean the same thing--primary schools. This usually means the first 6 years, but this varied a little from state to state. Tustin is not a well-known California city. It is located in Orange County, California, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The portrait we have found is from 1896. At the time, Los Angeles is not the mega city it has become. The 1896 class looks to be 1st Graders. Most of the boys wear fancy, coloful blouses with knee pants. One boy wears a short, but most wear blouses. A few boys wear suit jackets. The girls wear dresses, a few with pinafores. White dresses seem popular. Only a few boys wear white blouses. A few of the girls wear hair bows, but they are not nearly as popular as they will become in the 20th cdentury. All the children wear dark long stockings and most wear sturdy high-top shoes.
The Dexter School was located in Kentucky's Calloway County. The image we have found was taken in Fall 1897 meaning the beginning of the school year. It looks to be a rural school, but not a real small one. The children were photographed in fron of
their school building. We assume it was a primary school. The image is notable for the age of some of the boys still attending primary school. Some of these rural primary schools had programs through the 8th grade. We do not know, but assume that this was probably the situation here. The students seem to be making a point of their hats. Notice the younger boys' hats in the front row and the older boys' hats in the rerar. Many of the younger boys have large collars. Quite a few of the children are also barefoot. Some of the girls wear pinafores.
We have one school portrait taken at the East Waterford school in Waterford, Illinois. The school portrait was taken in 1897. There are 24 children and one male teacher who seems to wearing a long frock coat. They are standing in front of the school whicch looks to be a white plank building. The girls wear dresses, some with pinafores which are difficult to make out. Most of the pinafores are dark, but we are unsure just what color. The younger boys wear blouses and knee pants. Notice some of the large collars. Several boys wear overalls, which is rather unusual in the 1890s. We are unsure why we see so many boys wearing overalls here, but not in many other school portrais from the 1890s. Some of the older boys also wear overalls. They seem to be wearing shorts, but we can not tell if they are wearing knee pants or long pants. JKost of the younger children, boys and girls, are barefoot without shoes and stockings. This was common at the time, but seems particularly pronounced here.
The Banker School was a small rural school located in Henderson Township located in Wexford County, Michigan. This was the western part of lower Michigan. We see a view of the school in 1897. It is notable for its rough construction. One might have thought by this time that Michigan would have had a little more substantial schools even in rural areas. We 17 children of various ages. Many of the boys wear fancy blouses. The younger boys wear knee pants, but we are not sure about the older boys. All the younger children are barefoot. An interesting aspect of these rural 19th century school portraits is that the boys did not wear overalls. Wexford County was named after a county in Ireland largely because so many Irish immigrants settled there. A narrow gage railroad helped open the area. Lumber was the major resource. Notice the rough board construction of the school.
We note the Rice School in Van Buren Township (in west central Monroe County, southern Indiana) in the school year 1897-98. It was a one-room schoolhouse near the turn of the century. Notice the broken transom window over the door with one of the students framed in the opening. The teacher stands in the third row on the right. One of the boys (second row, second from the left) has included his dog in the picture. You can see the dog's front paws and head. Most of the boys seem to wear long pants and jackets but without ties. The older boys and girls stand at the back. The younger ones are sitting in the front row. A few boys wear knee pants with long stockings.
Boys in the 1890s dressed up to go to school. As many boys wear jackets it appears to be a portrait taken in the fall or spring. The younger boys might even wear large ruffled collars. All the boys wore kneepants, most with long dark stockings. Some boys wore sailor suits. The girls of course wear dresses, several with white pinafores.
Here are two images from a North Plainfield, New Jersey schholl. One shows a class, we think of the older children. We would guess this is a public elementry (primary school) with classes up to the 8th grade (13-14 year olds). The boys mostly wear knee pants suits with blacl lobg stockings. Afew boys wear long trouser suits. The girls all wear dresses. There is also a portrait of the teachers of the school. All but two are women and one of the men is probably the principal. This suggests to us that it was an elementary school. We know the school was located in North Plainfield and taken in 1898-99. We don't know what the name of the school was.
This photo shows the Barger School in Allardt, Fentress County, Tennessee. The photograph is undated, but the source suggests was taken in the 19th century. If so it would have been the 1890s, probably the late-1890s. This is certainly possible, but we are not sure it was not the very early 1900s. Note the contrast between the clothing of younger and older boys. Some of the older boys are dressed up in suits and ties. They seem rather old to be attending a primary school. The younger boys wear knee pants, although some are quite long, and are barefoot. One younger boy wears a blouse with a large collar. The girls wear various styles of print dresses.
Here we see a group of older teenagers in Laconia, New Hampshire. The only group we can think they may have belonged to is Laconia High School which was opened in 1875. The classes wwre quite small so you would guess that this was the graduating seniors. Here there are 14 teenagers. Presumably there were at least some girls, so the boys seem to have had their portrait taken separately. Note the boy in the middle wears knee pants and black long stockings while the other boys all wear long pants.The portrait is indated, but was probably taken in the 1890s--perhaps around the turn-of-the 20th century. Prints of cabinets cards like this cost $0.25.
A class of what looks like children about 11 years old, meaning 6th graders. They may be the older children at this Rochester, New York elementary school. Many New York cities had junior high schools for the 7th graders. The children are sitting on the front steps of the school. The girls are decked out in elaborate dresses, only two wear pinafoes. We do not see hair bows which became very common in the 1900s. The boys mostly wear suits, both collar-buttoning jackets and lapel jackets. Most wear knee pants and black long stockings, although at least one boy seems to be wearing long pants. The cabinet card mount and the girls' dresses tell us the photograph was taken in the 1890s. The dress sleeves in particular suggest the late-90s. The photographer was F.H. Mc Dougall based in Boothbay Harbor, Maine, but with a studio in Rochester.
Washington was a popular name for a school, named after the first president. This school was located in Nemaha County, Nebraska. Like many early schools, it was a wood frame building painted white. We are not sure when it was built, but we suspect around the 1870s. The school has displayed their large American flag--note the star arrangement. There is wire protection for the windows. In these rural schools, the only lightening would come from the windows. There is one male teacher, although a female teacher may be sitting with the children. A smaller school would have more likely had a young female teacher. There are about 50 children. The boys all wear jackets and all the children wear shoes. We suspect this meant that it was a little chilly. The youner boys wear knee pants and long stockings. The older boys wear long pants, to the extent we can tell. The girls all wear dresses, but without pinafores which were common at the time. Note than none of the boys wear overalls.
Here we see what looks like a graduating class at the Adams School. Unfortunately we can not read the banner. We are not sure just who Adams was. The second president, John Adams, is the most likely candidate, but we do not know for sure. Unlike the first and second president, Adams who only served one-term did not comannd the sme historical acclain. The school was located in Port Huron, along as might be expected, Michigan's eastern Lake Hurin coast. Michign. We do not know much about the town, but the 19th century economy was based on timber and ship building. The railroad arrived connecting Detroit (1859). a 12-year old Thomad Edison began his career by selling newsppers. We suspect agriculture was more important by the turn of the 20th century. The children were apparently 8th graders (13-14 year olds). Many elementary (primary) schools at the time were 8-year schools. Many children ended their schooling with finishing these schools. Eventully as junior highs were esablished, schools becme 6 year schools. Here we see the girls most promently as they are placed in the first row. A few of the girls wear pinafores. Everyone seems to e weing black long-stockings. All of the boys wear suit jackets except one boy who wears a shirt with suspenders. The photograph was taken in 1899.
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